Liquid water plays an important role in shaping the surface of Mars, forming a variety of water- related landforms, such as valley networks, outflow channels, paleolakes, deltas and alluvial fans, which have always been the focus of Martian exploration and research. This paper summarizes the research progress on the exploration history, topographic and geomorphological features, and temporal and spatial distribution of Martian water- related landforms, and discusses the implication for Martian climate evolution and astrobiological research. On this basis, we propose that more study is still needed on the source of Martian water- related landforms, Martian aqueous environment, origin of Amazonian water- related landforms, and the comparative study between the water- related landforms on Mars and in the Qaidam basin, China, which will help us better understand the Martian water- related landforms as well as the Martian climate change and habitability.