The Yandangshan of Zhejiang Province is a typical Late Mesozoic caldera in coastal southeastern China. It characterized by the various rhyolitic volcanic rock landscapes, which mainly include two types of geoheritages: volcanic lithofacies sections and volcanic rock landforms. In this paper, we conducted detailed field geological survey and petrological studies, as well as remote- sensing image analyses. The volcanic lithofacies profile is further divided into four sub- types of geoheritages: effusive facies, base surging facies, pyroclastic flowing facies, and air- falling facies; the landscapes of volcanic rocks are further divided into three sub- types of geoheritages, which are tiered peaks, sharp peaks and rock caves, respectively. Additionally, the distribution and evolution process of the Yandangshan caldera are comprehensively analyzed in this paper, and they are obviously affected by the volcanic structures and volcanic lithofacies. We conclude that at least three ancient planation surfaces are developed in the studied area, implying that it has experienced at least three uplifting- erosion events. It is the result of the geodynamic process of the interaction between the Pacific Plate- Eurasian, Philippines Sea Plate- Eurasian and the far- field effects of the Indian- Eurasian collision. It is an attractive study based on the geomorphological origin and evolution of the rhyolite volcanic landscape.