Abstract:Carbonate oil and gas reservoirs occupy an important position in the world's oil and gas reservoirs. The quantity of oil and gas in the carbonate reservoir accounts for about 70% of the total quantity of oil and gas in the world. The characteristics of carbonate reservoir are deep burial, strong heterogeneity and complex structure. It is an urgent issue to obtain the exact location and structural characteristics of carbonate reservoir in oil and gas exploration. Accurate seismic wave theory is applied in prestack reverse time migration, which can image any complex structure in high precision theoretically. To address the difficulty of carbonate reservoir imaging, the anisotropic prestack reverse time migration is studied and applied to the exploration of carbonate reservoir in this paper. First, the pure qP wave equation in anisotropic media is derived by using the accurate dispersion relation. The pure qP wave in anisotropic media is then simulated by using the high- precision finite difference method, and the pure qP wave is imaged using the anisotropic prestack reverse time migration method. Based on the actual geological conditions of typical carbonate reservoirs, a geophysical model of carbonate rock is established, which is close to the real geological conditions. The numerical results of the above model show that the anisotropic prestack reverse time migration is an effective exploration technique for carbonate reservoirs. The field data results further verify the important role of the anisotropic prestack reverse time migration in carbonate reservoir exploration.