In order to explore the formation mechanism of shallowburied geothermal anomaly zone of carbonate rock thermal reservoir in the northern part of Jinan rock mass, this paper studied the geological characteristics, thermal storage characteristics, geothermal field characteristics and water chemistry characteristics of carbonate rock shallow buried geothermal anomaly area, using the means of geological drilling cataloging, pumping test, temperature measurement, water quality analysis and testing, etc. The results show that the thermal reservoirs in the shallow buried areas of carbonate rocks are developed in the Ordovician limestone strata, and the thermal reservoir karst fissures are well developed. The buried depth of thermal reservoir is 150~1000 m. The geothermal gradient of the geothermal anomaly zone is 7. 2～11. 5℃/100 m. The water chemistry type is SO4- Ca type, and the TDS is 1. 3～1. 5 g/L. The geothermal water contains trace elements beneficial to human body. Geothermal water mainly sources from atmospheric precipitation, and the “ancient water” infiltrated 50 years ago in geothermal water is dominant. In addition to normal ground temperature conduction, the Jinan rock mass forces the water to flow deep after the heating, and the faults linked to the deep heat source is also an important factor in the formation of geothermal anomaly zone.