Artificial recharge of coastal aquifer is an engineering measure often used in seawater intrusion remediation. However, the coastal sand aquifer often exhibits a significant decrease in permeability under artificial recharge conditions. Temporal and spatial evolution of permeability of aqueous medium remains unclear. This study collected aquifer sand samples in the lower reaches of the Dagu River in Qingdao. Using the indoor sand column, brackish water was flooded by fresh water under different scales, the fixed head and constant flow rate conditions during the process of the artificial recharge irrigation. The temporal and spatial evolution of permeability of sandy medium were studied. The results show that permeability of the aqueous medium changes significantly when fresh water drives salt water. The permeability of the entire sand column decreases first and then rises. The reason is mainly that clay minerals in sand columns released, migrated and deposited during the process of recharging. Under the condition of fixed head, there is a panning area in the first half of sand columns. The permeability of sand columnswas 1. 6~2. 0 times of the initial permeability. The permeability of other parts of the sand column was first reduced and then slightly rebounded. Under the constant flow rate, permeability of sand columns decreases with time and then increases. The farther the distance between the sand column and the water inlet, the smaller the value of the permeability coefficient. The variation of clay contents of sand columnsis consistent with the permeability of sand columns. The research results can provide a scientific basis for artificial recharge and treatment of coastal aquifer seawater intrusion.