Types of dispersed elements bearing ore- deposits and their enrichment regularity in Southwest China
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    Abstract:

    Dispersed elements resources is rich in SW China and the most occur in trace and minor amounts in various ore deposits, few in their own independent deposits.The host ore deposits include sediment- hosted Pb- Zn deposits (associated Cd, Ge, Ga, Tl), Cassiterite sulfide deposits (associated In, Cd) of magmatic hydrothermal origin, Bauxite (associated Ga) and Ge- rich coal, etc.These deposits are distributed in the metallogenic area such as Sanjiang Pb- Zn metallogenic region, Sichuan- Yunnan- Guizhou Pb- Zn metallogenic region, Sn metallogenic region in SE Yunnan, bauxite zone in NW Guizhou province and Tertiary coal- bearing basin in Western Yunnan.In this paper, taking the typical dispersed elements bearing ore- deposits as example, the analysis of dispersed elements contents in various metal sulfides and surface scanning by electron probe were carried out to determine the enrichment and occurrence state of dispersed elements in host minerals in the ores.Combined with metallogeny analyses of the host ore- deposits, the regularity of the dispersed element enrichment are discussed. The study shows that the enrichment of the dispersed elements such as In, Cd, Ge, Ga, Tl has their carrier mineral specificity: In, Cd, Ge and Ga are enriched in sphalerite while Tl is enriched in pyrite in hydrothermal ore- deposits; otherwise, Ga is enriched in aluminium oxyhydroxide in bauxite, and Ge is enriched in huminite in Ge- rich coal seam. Indium is associated withcassiterite sulfide deposits.The three cassiterite sulfide deposits in SE Yunnan (Gejiu, Dulong and Bainiuchang) have similar geological and geochemical characteristics, and their geneses are related to the granite intrusion of late Yanshanian period.Sediment- hosted Pb- Zn deposits generally contain Cd, Ge, Ga and Tl, but it is quite different in enrichment levels of these dispersed elements among them.Sphalerite in Pb- Zn deposits of Sichuan- Yunnan- Guizhou Pb- Zn metallogenic region are rich in Ge, Ga; while sphalerite in Jinding deposit have the highest Cd content in average of 123%, which may be related to the metallogenesis of bio- organic matter.Ge- rich coal seams occur in Bangmai coal- bearing basin, characterized with granite basement, in Lincang, SW Yunnan.Ge- rich coal seam shows variation both in plane and in vertical, Ge enrichment in industrial significance only occurred in the first coal seam, in which there are siliceous rocks or siliceous limestone in the layer, while there is no Ge enrichment in the upper two coal seams which are lack of siliceous rocks.It suggests that hot water play a key role in the enrichment of Ge in coal, which leached Ge from granites and discharged into the basin, and then, absorbed by organic matters in coal seams.The enrichment of Ga in bauxite are common in global, Ga enriched in all bauxites worldwide with average contents of 50×10-6~200×10-6 in various metallogenic epochs and different industrial types.Bauxite deposits in Guizhou is formed in the Carboniferous, and Ga contents in the ores are 70×10-6~143×10-6, slightly higher than the average contents of Ga in bauxite as in China and in the world.

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TAO Yan, HU Ruizhong, TANG Yongyong, YE Lin, QI Huawen, FAN Haifeng.2019. Types of dispersed elements bearing ore- deposits and their enrichment regularity in Southwest China[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica,93(6):1210-1230

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History
  • Received:April 23,2019
  • Revised:May 23,2019
  • Adopted:May 26,2019
  • Online: May 27,2019
  • Published: