The thermal properties of rocks are indispensable parameters in studying surface temperature, temperature distribution and heat transfer of the Earth. However, there has been no systematic and regional research performed on thermal properties of rocks in Guizhou and even in Southwest China. In order to provide scientific support for research of geothermal, hydrocarbon accumulation and geotechnical engineering in Guizhou and its adjacent areas, this study collected a total of 433 rock samples in this area which are classified into 14 kinds of rocks to test thermal conductivity, specific heat capacity and thermal diffusivity, as well as analyze the thermal properties and influencing factors. The research shows that the measured average value of rock thermal conductivity in the Guizhou area is between 1. 516±0. 264~5. 066±0. 521W/(m·K), and the measured average value of specific heat capacity is 0. 272±0. 042~0. 603±0. 096kJ/(kg·℃). The measured average value of the thermal diffusivity is between 0. 752±0. 331~2. 854±0. 368 MJ/(m3·K). The thermal properties of rocks in the area are related to mineral composition, structure, water content and other factors. The older the rock age, the higher the thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity. The thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity of rock are positively related to high thermal conductivity mineral content, but negatively to heat capacity. With increasing of the particle sizes of the mineral particles in the rocks, the thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity of the rock increase, while the relationship between the specific heat capacity and the particle size of the mineral is not obvious. Water content imposes highly impact on thermal properties. The thermal conductivity of rock under saturated conditions is 2%~17% higher than that under dry conditions, and the thermal diffusion coefficient is increased by 1%~16%, while the specific heat capacity is reduced, with a reduction range from 3. 08% to 21. 79%.