The shallow brine aquifer in the western Qaidam Basin is a multi- coupled dynamic equilibrium system and controlled by hydrodynamic force, climate and chemical factors. The study carried out an analysis for compositions of brine and permeability of brine aquifer in the shallow brine aquifer in different seasons (summer and winter). The results show that the concentrations of major ions in brine vary obviously from summer to winter and the concentrations of K, Mg, Ca and Cl increase correspondingly, with an increasing order of Cl, Mg, K, Ca. While the concentrations of SO42- and Na decrease, with SO42- decreasing more obvious than Na. Calculation results of pumping test suggest that permeability coefficient K in drilling core ZK08 decreases from 178 m/d to 97 m/d from summer to winter. The reason for that is that precipitation of mirabilite（Na2SO4）with decreasing of environment temperature not only improves dissolution capacity of K, Mg and Ca in brine and increases concentrations of K, Mg and Ca, but also decreases the permeability of the aquifer. In addition, the viscosity of brine increases with temperature decreasing. Therefore, it can be concluded that two factors jointly result in decreasing of the aquifer permeability.