Based on the summary of recent researches of Kyrgyz Tianshan and field investigation, this study discussed its basic geological background with particular interest on magmatism and related mineralization. Tianshan in Kyrgyzstan is composed of three major structural units: the northern, middle and southern sections, which are separated by the Nikolaev Line and AtbashiInylchek fault. The two suture zones on both sides of the Middle Tianshan constrain the development and perishing process of Early Paleozoic Terskey ocean and Late Paleozoic South Tianshan ocean. Paleozoic magmatic activites in Kyrgyz Tianshan can be roughly divided into two stages: one resulted from continentarc collision and arcarc collision during evolution of Terskey ocean during early Paleozoic, and the other from closure of South Tianshan during late Paleozoic. Two stages of mineralization have been identified to occur in Tianshan in Kyrgyzstan during the Late Paleozoic: the Late Carboniferous porphytyor skarntype CuAu deposits related to arc magma resulted from northward subduction of South Tianshan, and the Early Permian shearing zonecontrolled Au polymetal deposits related to intrusion of postcollisional granite. The geochemical and metallogenic differences between two granitoid complexes exposed in the South Tianshan suture indicate that the magmatic sources in north of the AtebashiYineirqieke fault was barren metamorphic Precambrian basement of the middle Tianshan, while the magmatic source in south of the fault was sediments in accretion complexes and passive continental margin, both of which were enriched in oreforming fluid and oreforming elements.