With the breakup of Rodinia in Neoproterozoic, some rift basins are formed aroud or in Tarim basin which is a small plate in Rodinia. By studying the evolution of rift basin and stratum, sedimentary, we can know the breakup process of Rodinia. According to the theory of basin dynamics，sequence stratigraphy and sedimentology, the unconformity surface, sequence stratigraphy and sedimentary facies are analyzed with outcrop, well, seismic data, and the evolution and cause of rifting basin are further studied, and the differences of the evolution of rifting between Tarim Basin and Yangtze Basin are studied. The Nanhua and Cathay is the first grade sequence, limited by the unconformity of Td (between the Nanhua and basement) and T1 (between the cambrian and Cathay). Td, acting as the stratum on metamorphosed basement, is caused by the Tarim movement which represents the continental break-up of Rodinia in the Early to Middle Neoproterozoic. And T1 is caused by the vertical lift of Keping movement in Tarim. By the evolution of rift basin, there are three stages, namely rapid chasmic stage, steady subsidence stage and the rift valley shrinking period, respectively corresponding to three second-order sequences. In the rapid chasmic stage which is SQ1, there are many small rift basins of horst and graben, the main facies include shore shelf, fluvial facies and delta facies, when water depth deepens. In the steady subsidence stage which is SQ2, connectivity of the basin strengthens, and then it forms into a unified basin with shoreline facies, delta facies, shallow shelf facies, and basin facies. In the rift valley shrinking period which is SQ3, fault activity is weakened by the mantle plume cooling and Crustal Rebound, and the stratums onlap on the uplift, when the carbonates deposit surrounding the basin. Controlled by the sea level change, glaciations and climate, there are 13 three-order sequences including a special sequence composing of titles and cap-carbontate in the glacial epoch. The titles in Marinoanglacia epoch are distributed in the world, corresponding to the titles in Nantuo formation and cap-carbonate in Doushantuo formation. However, in Quruqtagh area of Tarim basin these titles in Teruiaiken Formation are buried by the siltstone in Zamotike Formation, which is caused by the rifting evolution, and the rift valley cover is lagged about 70Ma. After the sediment of titles, the water deepens fast. Meanwhile there are clastic stones to supply, which restrains the growth of carbonate. The study of Rodina evolution is well for known of Neoproterozoic structural and sedimentary environment, source rocks and reservoirs. A comparison with the responses of break-up of Rodinia among different rifting basins is worth deeper research.