Inner Mongolia Paleo Uplift (IMPU) is located at the tectonic transition from the northern margin of the North China Craton to the Central Asian Orogenic Belt, and heavily exhumed in the Late Paleozoic influenced by the subduction and closure of the Paleo Asian Ocean. The North China Craton basin derived sediments from the IMPU and recorded its tectonic activity. In this article, we performed detailed sedimentology and provenance analysis on the Upper Carboniferous Middle Triassic strata in northern Hebei Province and western Liaoning Province. Three important conclusions have been drawn. First, four sedimentary systems were identified including offshore coast, fan delta, delta and river. The sedimentary environment overall varied from marine to terrestrial setting. In the late Carboniferous and early Permian fan delta and fluvial environment developed around the basin margin, and offshore coast, delta and fluvial systems formed in the basin interior. The depocenter was located in Tangshan and Baodi. During middle Permian and middle Triassic fluvial deposits dominated across the basin. Another, the paleocurrent, U Pb ages and Hf isotope of the detrital zircons suggest that the sediments were derived from the IMPU. Source rocks are composed of carbonate and detrital rocks of Meso Neoproterozoic and Cambrian Ordovician, Late Paleozoic igneous rocks and minor Precambrian metamorphic rocks. The sedimentary components of the source rock show that the IMPU was coverred by sedimentary rocks and was not strongly exhumed until the granite and gneiss gravels occurred at the end of the Permian. Last, on the basis of the sedimentary system and provenance changes the succession was divided into three sequences which recorded significant tectonic events of the IMPU. The first sequence (late Carboniferous to early Permian) was characterized by sedimentary gravels, Devonian detrital zircons and tuff interlayers, and documented the formation and magmatism of the continental arc. The second sequence (middle late Permian) was marked on the volcaniclast in braided setting, documenting the tectonic uplifting of the IMPU due to the closure of the Paleo Asian Ocean. The third sequence (early middle Triassic) comprised thick bedded sandstone and conglomerate with intrusive gravels in braided setting, documenting the extensional setting under post collision between the North China and the Inner Mongolia.