In order to establish the identification of different causes of formation of sediment magnetic fabric character and discuss the relation between sediments fabric parameters and sediment environment, the aeolian sediment in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and the aqueous sediment in different modern deposit environment are tested and compared. The results show that, firstly, the values on κ,Ｐ,Ｆ,Ｌ of aeolian sediment are obviously smaller than the corresponding values of aqueous sediment except q which is larger in aqueous sediment, which reflects that sorting ability of aeolian sediment is worse than that of aqueous sediment. Secondly, in the figure of F-L relation of magnetic fabric, the data of aeolian sediment are mostly concentrated in the vicinity of the coordinate origin, which indicates that sedimentary dynamic is relatively weaker. While the data of aqueous sediment are mostly distributed in the direction of F〖CX〗 axis, which reflects that F〖CX〗 is dominant 〖CX〗compared with L〖CX〗 of aqueous sediment. Thirdly, the declination direction of susceptibility maximum axis of aeolian sediment is relatively dispersing, however, the overall direction is still consistent with the wind direction forming the aeolian sand, moreover, the inclination of long axis is lager (22°～24°)and the inclination of short axis is smaller(45°～51°). While the declination direction of susceptibility maximum axis within the aqueous sediment is comparatively stable, which can indicate the direction of water flowing, and the inclination of long axis is general smaller than 10 and the inclination of short axis is larger than 80 . Finally, T value of aeolian sediment is distributed between -1 and 1, but most T value of aqueous sediment is larger than 1. Those characters mentioned above can be used as the identification of aqueous sediment and aeolian sediment in the middle reaches of Yangtze River.