The tectonic deformation of Chinese continental interior started mainly from the Late Permian, when the Northern China entered the developing stage of post-Hercynian platform. From the late Indosinian to the Himalayan period, the limits of the continent had expanded to Southern China and the Qinghai-Tibet area along with the closing of the Tethyan Ocean. Though the tectonic deformation of Chinese continental interior had already started during the peneplanation phase of the post-Hercynian platform, the large-scale deformation took place in the middle of Yanshanian cycle and Himalayan cycle. The scope of continent interior deformation can be divided into two grades: one covers the whole continent and the other is local. The former is that the deformation of Chinese continental interior has reformed the features of the tectonics-landform of China twice. The latter resulted in the mountain-making and basin-making, and the vertical and lateral escape of micro-landmass, from which mountains and basins form. According to the features of the continent interior deformation and its relationship with the evolution of regional tectonic settings, the interior deformation of the Chinese continent was caused mainly by the movements of the surrounding plates with a continental scale. Meanwhile, the tectonic response occurring in the deep earth was the result of the crustal or lithospheric isostatic adjustment caused by the structural deformation in upper crust.