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作者简介:

王海,男,1990年生。博士,助理研究员,主要从事矿床学和找矿预测研究工作。E-mail:wanghai_90s@163.com。

通讯作者:

李永胜,男,1983年生。博士,教授级高级工程师,主要从事矿床学和找矿预测研究工作。E-mail:zzkclys@126.com。

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目录contents

    摘要

    长江中下游发育众多斑岩-矽卡岩型多金属矿床,由于缺乏精确的成矿时代数据,制约了对这些矿床成因和动力学背景的认识。通江岭铜钨矿位于长江中下游Fe-Cu-Au成矿带九瑞矿集区北侧,为近期新发现的斑岩-矽卡岩型矿床,经济矿物主要为黄铜矿和少量白钨矿,呈细脉状和浸染状产于斑岩与矽卡岩中。本文对赋矿岩体花岗闪长斑岩中的锆石和含矿矽卡岩中石榴子石进行LA-ICP-MS U-Pb同位素精确定年,锆石206Pb/238U的加权年龄为146.3±0.9 Ma(2σ,MSWD=1.13, n=33),石榴子石206Pb/238U加权平均年龄为142.9±2.1 Ma(2σ,MSWD=1.2, n=17),表明矽卡岩和岩体形成时代相近,成岩成矿作用过程连续。通江岭铜钨矿成岩、成矿时代与九瑞矿集区典型矿床成岩、成矿时代一致,同时也与长江中下游地区铜陵、安庆和部分鄂东南的典型铜多金属矿床成岩、成矿时代基本一致,均属于长江中下游成矿带晚侏罗世—早白垩世多金属成矿作用事件的产物。

    Abstract

    Manyporphyry-skarn type polymetallic deposits are developed in Middle and Lower Yangtze River Valley metallogenic belt. However, the lack of accurate mineralization chronologic data severely restricts in-depth understanding of the genesis and geodynamic setting of these deposits. The Tongjiangling Cu-W deposit is a newly discovered porphyry-skarn deposit, which is located in the north part of the Jiujiang-Ruichang ore concentration area of the Middle and Lower Yangtze River metallogenic belt. Chalcopyrite and scheelite are the common metal minerals, occurring as veins and disseminations in the granodiorite porphyry and skarn. In this paper, the authors have undertaken LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating of garnet in ore-bearing skarn and zircon in granodiorite to define the mineralization age of this deposit. The U-Pb LA-ICP-MS dating of zircons from Tongjiangling granite porphyry yielded an age of 146.3±0.9 Ma (2σ, MSWD=1.13, n=33). LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating of garnets from skarn yield weighted mean 206Pb/238U age of 142.9±2.1 Ma (2σ, MSWD=1.2, n=17), indicating consistent diagenetic and metallogenic ages and their close genetic relationship. These data indicate that the ages of intrusion and the orebody from the Tongjiangling deposit are almost identical with other typical magmatic intrusions and deposits in the Jiujiang-Ruichang metallogenic belt, and Tongling, Anqing and part of southeast Hubei in the Middle and Lower Yangtze River metallogenic belt. They belong to part of the Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous polymetallic metallogenic events in the Middle and Lower Yangtze River metallogenic belt.

  • 斑岩-矽卡岩型矿床是全球Cu、Mo、Au、Pb、Zn、W等多种金属的重要产出来源(Sillitoe,2010; 林彬等,2020)。在斑岩-矽卡岩型矿床的矿床成因及找矿勘查方面,成岩成矿时代起着至关重要的作用。传统斑岩-矽卡岩型矿床中通常采用锆石U-Pb、辉钼矿Re-Os和白钨矿Sm-Nd等时线年龄进行厘定(毛景文等,2004; 贾丽琼等,2015; 刘善宝等,2017),然而部分矿床由于缺少上述适合定年的矿物或矽卡岩与侵入体没有直接接触关系或存在多期成矿作用叠加等现象,导致无法准确地限定矽卡岩成岩或主成矿时代。因此,寻找新的测年方法显得尤为重要。

  • 石榴子石是矽卡岩中主要的蚀变矿物之一,具有较高的U-Pb同位素封闭体系和良好的晶体结构,具备U-Pb同位素测年条件(Mezger et al.,1989Meinert et al.,2005Deng Xiaodong et al.,2017),其U-Pb同位素年龄可用于限定变质和岩浆作用时间(Meinert et al.,2005)。但由于自然界中石榴子石自身U含量低,且含有较高的普通Pb和富U包裹体,导致该方法未得到广泛应用。近年来,得益于LA-ICP-MS分析技术的不断发展,石榴子石原位微区U-Pb同位素分析的广泛应用,为获得石榴子石等低U矿物的精确定年结果提供了条件(Deng Xiaodong et al.,2017; Li Dengfeng et al.,2018Wafforn et al.,2018; Yan Shuang et al.,2020; 张小波等,2020; 林彬等,2020)。

  • 长江中下游成矿带是我国重要的铁、铜、金资源产地之一,区内发育一系列与燕山中期酸性侵入岩有关的斑岩型、矽卡岩型和块状硫化物型矿床(翟裕生等,1992; 周涛发等,2011; 段留安等,2012; 杨堂礼等,2015; 徐耀明等,2017; 蒋少涌等,2019; 汪海等,2020)。目前区内已发现超大型矿床十余处,大型矿产近60处,形成了鄂东南、九瑞、安庆-贵池、铜陵、庐枞、宁芜和宁镇等大中型矿床矿集区。九瑞矿集区位于长江中下游Fe-Cu-Au成矿带的转折端,是该成矿带上重要的铜金资源产地,区内已查明铜资源储量3.13 Mt,发现武山、城门山、宝山、丁家山、东雷湾等一系列大中型铜金矿床。通江岭铜钨矿床位于九瑞矿集区北侧,是近年来江西省地质局物化探大队通过系统勘查发现的厚大铜钨矿体,为九瑞矿集区发现的首个铜钨矿床,该矿床的发现为九瑞矿集区提供了新的找矿思路和方向。然而由于矿床的开发程度相对较低,目前该矿床的研究程度也较低,矿床的成矿年龄并未得到有效限定,导致矿床成矿机制和构造动力学背景尚不清楚,进而制约了对该类铜钨矿床的成因认识和进一步勘查找矿工作部署。本文在详细研究矿床地质特征的基础上,对花岗斑岩中的锆石和含矿矽卡岩中的石榴子石开展了LA-ICP-MS U-Pb同位素定年,限定该矿床的成岩成矿时代,并与九瑞矿集区和长江中下游成矿带内已发现的铜多金属矿床的成矿时代展开对比,进而探讨岩浆作用与该地区铜(钨)矿化的内在联系,为深入认识长江中下游地区晚侏罗世—早白垩世矽卡岩成矿事件提供更多的证据和启示。

  • 1 地质背景

  • 长江中下游Fe-Cu-Au多金属成矿带位于扬子地块北缘,秦岭-大别造山带和华北克拉通以南,为我国最重要的Fe-Cu-Au成矿带之一。该成矿带北侧以郯庐断裂和襄樊-广济断裂为界,南侧以阳新-常州断裂为界,带内发育有200多个铁、铜、金及铅锌矿床,按照空间位置可划分为鄂东南、九瑞、安庆-贵池、铜陵、庐枞、宁芜和宁镇七个中型—大型矿集区(图1)(Mao Jingwen et al.,2011; 徐耀明等,2017; 张小波等,2020)。

  • 九瑞矿集区位于长江中下游西南段,下扬子断陷带西段。区内出露的地层主要有下奥陶统(伦山组)灰岩、白云岩;志留系(罗惹坪组、纱帽组)泥岩夹砂质页岩和砂页岩;泥盆系(五通组)石英砂岩;石炭系(黄龙组)白云质灰岩和灰岩;二叠系(栖霞组、茅口组、龙潭组和长兴组)和三叠系(大冶组和嘉陵江组)厚层状灰岩和白云岩(图2)。区内岩浆活动强烈,地表出露的岩浆岩多为闪长岩、石英闪长岩、花岗闪长岩以及相应的玢岩、斑岩等中酸性侵入岩,岩体通常呈岩枝、小岩株侵入到泥盆系、石炭系、二叠系和三叠系中。

  • 图1 长江中下游成矿带地质简图(据Yang Shuiyuan et al.,2011; Mao Jingwen et al.,2011修改)

  • Fig.1 Geological sketch map of the Middle-Lower Yangtze River Valley metallogenic belt (modified after Yang Shuiyuan et al., 2011; Mao Jingwen et al., 2011)

  • 通江岭矿区位于九瑞地区龙泉古寺-牛头山背斜核部,地层总体走向北东。矿区内出露地层由老到新分别为:中二叠统茅口组(P2m)灰岩、上二叠统龙潭组(P3l)碳质页岩、上二叠统长兴组(P3c)黑色碳质页岩、下三叠统殷坑组(T1y)浅黄色泥质页岩、下三叠统青龙组(T1q)泥质条带大理岩、下三叠统周冲村组(T1z)白云质灰岩,其中中二叠统茅口组(P2m)灰岩为矿区的主要赋矿围岩。区内断裂构造较为发育,按其走向可将断裂构造分为三组:NE向、NW向、近SN向,其中NE向的F2断裂为区内主要控矿构造(图3)。

  • 通江岭铜钨矿由2个矿带23条矿体组成,其中I号矿带圈定了13条矿体,主要分布于矿区19~59号勘探线,II号矿带圈定出10条矿体,矿体分布于0~80号勘探线,矿体主要赋存于花岗闪长岩与茅口组(P2m)碳酸盐岩的接触带中(图3a、b),为花岗斑岩型和其接触带附近的矽卡岩型矿体,矿体呈透镜状产出,矿体走向延伸100~1200 m,倾向延深40~660 m,倾向南东,厚度为0.59~27.66 m,Cu品位为0.29%~1.55%;其中II号矿带中的9号矿体为区内规模最大的铜钨矿体,走向延伸超1200 m,倾向延深超500 m,厚度为10.43~27.66 m,Cu品位多介于0.45%~0.68%;WO3品位多介于0.05%~0.17%。矿石矿物以黄铜矿、黄铁矿为主,可见少量白钨矿,脉石矿物以长石、石英、石榴子石、方解石等为主(图4);矿石构造主要为脉状、浸染状和块状构造,矿石结构以自形—半自形粒状结构、交代结构和固溶体分离结构为主。矿区内主要蚀变有矽卡岩化、硅化、绿帘石化,局部见角岩化、碳酸盐化,其中矽卡岩化、硅化蚀变与矿化关系最为紧密。

  • 2 样品采集与分析方法

  • 本文采集的含矿矽卡岩和花岗闪长斑岩样品均来自ZK2005钻孔岩芯。石榴子石矽卡岩手标本呈红褐色(图4a、b),石榴子石呈浸染状、细脉状产出,单偏光下为正极高凸起,I级灰白干涉色,呈自形—半自形结构,粒径约为0.5~3 mm,以菱形十二面体或四角三八面体为主,具有明显的生长环带,常与黄铜矿、白钨矿、黄铁矿和方解石共生(图4c~g)。花岗闪长斑岩呈浅灰色,斑状结构,块状构造,斑晶(55%~70%)主要为斜长石(约30%~35%)、石英(约15%~20%)、钾长石(约5%~10%)、黑云母(约5%),基质(约25%~45%)为显微细晶结构,矿物组成与斑晶相似,由长英质和少量黑云母组成(图4h、i)。

  • 扫描电镜(SEM)和电子探针(EPMA)分析均在东华理工大学核资源与环境国家重点实验室完成。扫描电镜型号为Nova Nano SEM 450,分辨率为1.0 nm (15 kV)和 1.4 nm(1 kV)。电子探针型号为JEOL JXA8530,加速电压15 kV,加速电流20 nA,束斑直径1 μm,测试数据利用ZAF校正处理,使用铁铝榴石(Mg、Si)、黑云母(Al)、白云石(Ca)、锆石(Zr)、金红石(Ti)、磷灰石(P)、独居石(La、Ce)和部分合金作为标样,元素检测限为200×10-6,主量元素分析误差为1.5%,微量元素分析误差为5.0%。

  • 图2 九瑞矿集区地质简图(据徐耀明等,2017; 王先广等,2019 修改)

  • Fig.2 Geological sketch map and ore deposit locations of the Jiurui district (after Xu Yaoming et al., 2017; Wang Xianguang et al., 2019)

  • 图3 九瑞矿集区通江岭铜(钨)矿矿区地质简图(a)和通江岭铜(钨)矿20号剖面线(b)(据胡朗明等,2021修改)

  • Fig.3 Geological sketch map of the Tongjiangling Cu-W deposit in the Jiurui ore concentration area (a) and the section of No.20 exploration line of the Tongjiangling Cu-W deposit (b) (modified after Hu Langming et al., 2021

  • 1 —第四系;2—下三叠统周冲村组;3—下三叠统青龙组;4—中二叠统茅口组;5—花岗闪长斑岩;6—矿体;7—断层及其编号;8—地质界线;9—钻孔及其编号;10—采样位置

  • 1 —Quaternary; 2—Lower Triassic Zhouchongcun Formation; 3—Lower Triassic Qinglong Formation; 4—Middle Permian Maokou Formation; 5—granodiorite porphyry; 6—ore body; 7—fault and its number; 8—geological boundary; 9—drill holes and its number; 10—sampling location

  • 锆石和石榴子石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb同位素测年和微量元素分析均在东华理工大学核资源与环境国家重点实验室完成,测试仪器为电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(Agilent 7900 ICP-MS)和准分子激光剥蚀系统(GeoLasHD193 nm)联机。锆石和石榴子石的激光剥蚀束斑直径分别为32 μm和44 μm,激光能量密度为3.5 J/cm2,剥蚀频率为5 Hz,激光剥蚀时间为45 s。锆石U-Pb年龄计算采用91500作为外标校正,石榴子石U-Pb年龄采用整体校正法(Yan Shuang et al.,2020),207Pb/206Pb比值采用锆石91500校正,238U/206Pb比值采用石榴子石QC04校正,以NIST610作外标校正微量元素分馏,每分析5个样品点插入分析一组标样(NIST610、91500、QC04),具体的分析步骤参考Tang Yanwen et al.(2020,2021)。对分析数据的离线处理(包括对样品和空白信号的选择、仪器灵敏度漂移校正、元素含量、U-Th-Pb同位素比值和年龄计算)采用软件ICPMSDataCal11.0(Liu Yongsheng et al.,20082010)完成,最后使用Isoplot R绘制U-Pb年龄谐和图。

  • 3 实验分析结果

  • 3.1 石榴子石电子探针分析

  • 本次对通江岭TJL03-1、TJL03-2、TJL03-3、TJL03-4和TJL03-5五件矽卡岩样品中的石榴子石进行电子探针分析,分析结果详见附表1。所有样品SiO2、CaO和MnO含量分别为36.01%~39.28%、30.69%~33.38%和0.31%~0.67%,Al2O3和TFeO(全铁)含量分别为3.85%~10.91%和14.53%~24.41%,MgO和TiO2含量较低(<0.1%),化学成分计算表明样品属于钙铁榴石—钙铝榴石(And41Gro53—And72Gro23)系列,含少量铁铝榴石(0.04%~0.1%)(图5)。

  • 3.2 锆石U-Pb年龄及微量元素组成

  • 样品TJL-01为花岗闪长斑岩,它的锆石主要呈无色透明,自形—半自形结构,粒径50~180 μm,长宽比为2~4之间,CL图像显示锆石的振荡环带发育明显,为典型的岩浆结晶锆石(图6)。本次研究共获得33个锆石点,其Th含量为92.8×10-6~503×10-6,U含量为215×10-6~532×10-6,Th/U比值在0.30~1.23之间,与岩浆锆石的特征相似(吴元保等,2004)。33个锆石测点206Pb/238U年龄在151.8±6.9~142.1±3.3 Ma之间,加权平均年龄为146.3±0.9 Ma(2σ,MSWD=1.13,n=33)。花岗闪长斑岩的锆石球粒陨石标准化配分曲线呈重稀土富集型,且具有明显的Ce正异常,为典型的岩浆锆石特征,REE总量较高(267×10-6~2073×10-6),LREE范围在11.6×10-6~93.7×10-6之间,HREE范围在256×10-6~1979×10-6之间,LREE/HREE比值在0.04~0.11之间。

  • 图4 通江岭铜(钨)矿床矿石标本及显微照片

  • Fig.4 Samples and microphotographs of representative ores and minerals from the Tongjiangling Cu (W) deposit

  • (a)—石榴子石矽卡岩,局部发育细脉状黄铁矿;(b)—石榴子石矽卡岩中团块状黄铜矿及浸染状石榴子石;(c)—石榴子石与方解石共生(单偏光下);(d)—石榴子石与黄铜矿和白钨矿共生(反射光下);(e)—石榴子石与黄铜矿和黄铁矿共生(背散射照片);(f)—石榴子石与方解石共生(背散射照片);(g)—钙铁榴石具有振荡环带(背散射照片);(h)—黑云母与斜长石共生(正交偏光);(i)—石英、黑云母与斜长石共生(正交偏光);图(e,f,g)中原点代表激光测点; Py—黄铁矿;Grt—石榴子石;Ccp—黄铜矿;Pl—斜长石;Sch—白钨矿;Bt—黑云母;Q—石英

  • (a) —garnet-skarn with locally fine veined pyrite; (b) —garnet-skarn with massive chalcopyrite and disseminated garnet; (c) —garnet and calcite are closey paragentic in the skarn (plane-polarized light) ; (d) —garnet, chalcopyrite and scheeliteare closey paragentic in the skarn (reflection plainlight) ; (e) —chalcopyrite, pyriteassociated with garnet (BSE image) ; (f) —garnetand calcite are closey paragentic in the skarn (BSE image) ; (g) —regular oscillatory zonings in andradite (BSE image) ; (h) —granodiorite-porphyry (crossed polarized light) ; (i) —quartz, biotite associated with plagioclase (crossed polarized light) ; the spot in Fig. (e, f, g) represent LA-ICP-MS analysis points; Py—pyrite; Grt—garnet; Ccp—chalcopyrite; Pl—plagioclase; Sch—scheelite; Bt—biotite; Q—quartz

  • 3.3 石榴子石U-Pb年龄及微量元素

  • 本次共测试17个石榴子石U-Pb同位素点,其Th含量为0.820×10-6~54.7×10-6,U含量为33.1×10-6~129×10-6(附表2)。17个测试点的T-W图解获得下交点年龄为142.5±2.1 Ma(2σ,MSWD=1.6),校正后206Pb/238U加权平均年龄为142.9±2.1 Ma(2σ,MSWD=1.2)。石榴子石稀土元素球粒陨石标准化配分曲线具有明显的LREE富集,HREE亏损特征,REE总量在76.0×10-6~164×10-6之间,LREE在75.6×10-6~156×10-6之间,HREE在0.06×10-6~7.54×10-6之间,LREE/HREE比值在20.69~1779之间,且具有较明显的Eu正异常特征(附表3)。

  • 图5 通江岭铜(钨)矿矽卡岩石榴子石三角分类图 (底图据Fei Xianghui et al.,2019

  • Fig.5 Triangular classification diagram of granet in the skarn from the Tongjiangling Cu(W) deposit (according to Fei Xianghui et al., 2019)

  • Gro—钙铝榴石; And—钙铁榴石; Alm—铁铝榴石; Pyr—镁铝榴石; Spe—锰铝榴石

  • Gro—grossular; And—andradite; Alm—almandine; Pyr—pyrope; Spe—spessartine

  • 4 讨论

  • 4.1 成矿流体的物理化学性质

  • 矽卡岩矿床中石榴子石的成分可以用来反演矽卡岩阶段成矿流体的化学性质及其演化过程(Gaspar et al.,2008)。赵斌等(1983)研究发现,钙铝榴石—钙铁榴石的形成与其所处的氧化还原环境密切相关。通常钙铁榴石形成于氧化—弱氧化环境中,而钙铝榴石更倾向于弱氧化-弱还原环境中,这是因为钙铁榴石(Ca3Fe2[SiO4]3)中的Fe3+需要在高氧逸度条件下形成,该矿床中钙铁榴石含量始终高于钙铝榴石,暗示成矿流体具有较高的氧逸度。石榴子石的稀土元素地球化学特征对成矿流体物理化学性质具有较好的指示(Carlson et al.,2014; Ranjbar et al.,2016)。Eu作为一个变价元素,在自然界中存在Eu2+和Eu3+两种价态,通常氧化条件下Eu3+较为稳定,在还原条件下Eu2+就会占据主导,因此可以用Eu异常来反映成矿流体的氧化还原状态(Gaspar et al.,2008)。从本文测试结果来看(图7d),石榴子石呈现明显的正Eu异常,表明石榴子石形成于较氧化环境,因为在氧化环境中Eu3+占主导,其离子半径为(0.107 nm)相较于Eu2+(0.125 nm)与石榴子石八配位中的Ca2+(0.112 nm)更为接近,相对容易置换,从而导致石榴子石中出现正Eu异常。此外,矿物的REE的配分模式也受热液的pH值显著影响,通常在中性条件下,矿物的稀土元素模式呈HREE富集和LREE亏损且Eu呈负异常或无异常;在中等酸性条件下,稀土元素配分模式更多地受Cl-的控制,Cl-可以与Eu2+形成以EuCl2-4为主的稳定络合物,使得矿物REE模式显示出LREE富集、HREE亏损,Eu正异常特征(Bau,1991; Gaspar et al.,2008; Zhang Yu et al.,2017)。在通江岭矿床中,石榴子石主要表现出LREE富集、HREE亏损及Eu正异常,表明石榴子石形成于较稳定的酸性环境。

  • 4.2 成岩成矿时代

  • 矿床精确测年是建立成岩成矿模型和反演成岩成矿地球动力学背景的重要基础资料。花岗斑岩(样品TJL01)中的锆石多呈无色透明,主要以长柱状为主,长宽比约为2∶1~4∶1,振荡环带发育明显,锆石Th/U比值为0.30~1.23,为典型的岩浆结晶锆石(图6)。在U-Pb谐和图中(图7a),所有测点均分布在谐和线附近,谐和度在95%以上,锆石206Pb/238U加权平均年龄为146.3±0.9 Ma(2σ,MSWD=1.13,n=33),表明岩体形成于晚侏罗世—早白垩世。

  • 图6 通江岭花岗闪长斑岩锆石阴极发光(CL)图像

  • Fig.6 Cathodoluminescence (CL) images of zircon grains from the Tongjiangling granodiorite porphyry

  • 石榴子石中U元素的赋存状态对U-Pb定年分析结果的准确性至关重要。通常U元素在石榴子石中有三种赋存状态:① 以富铀包裹体的形式;② 吸附在晶体表面;③ 以类质同象的形式存在于石榴子石矿物晶格中。已有研究表明当U元素以前两种赋存状态存在时,对U-Pb同位素定年结果存在干扰(Baxter and Scherer,2013),当U元素赋存于石榴子石晶格中且无包裹体时,石榴子石则可作为理想的定年对象。测试前采用扫描电镜对石榴子石进行仔细观察,选择成分均匀、环带清晰、无矿物包裹体的石榴子石进行测试。在测试过程中,LA-ICP-MS获取的主要同位素信号,238U、206Pb、207Pb、 204Pb、232Th、139La等元素都比较平稳,且石榴子石中U元素含量较高,这些特征都暗示石榴子石中的U元素主要赋存在矿物晶格中,因此石榴子石的U-Pb同位素年龄能够反映矽卡岩中石榴子石的形成年龄。根据矿床地质特征发现,通江岭铜(钨矿床)的矿化与矽卡岩形成关系密切,石榴子石与黄铜矿、白钨矿共生,因此石榴子石U-Pb同位素年龄可以代表通江岭铜(钨)矿的成矿年龄。石榴子石206Pb/238U加权平均年龄为 142.9±2.1 Ma(2σ,MSWD=1.2,n=17)(图7b),该结果与矿区广泛出露的花岗闪长斑岩年龄相近,表明通江岭岩体的形成和矿化均在晚侏罗世—早白垩世,两者为同一期岩浆-成矿作用的产物。

  • 图7 通江岭铜矿花岗闪长岩锆石和矽卡岩石榴子石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄谐和图及稀土元素球粒陨石标准化配分曲线(球粒陨石标准化值据Sun and McDonough,1989

  • Fig.7 LA-ICP-MS U-Pb concordia diagram of zircon in granodiorite porphyry and garnet in the skarn from the Tongjiangling Cu (Wo) deposit and their chondrite-normalized REE patterns (the chondrite normalization values after Sun and McDonough, 1989)

  • 4.3 成岩成矿动力学背景

  • 通江岭铜(钨)矿在时间、空间和成因上与区内的花岗闪长斑岩关系密切,本次研究的通江岭矿区花岗闪长斑岩的锆石U-Pb年龄为146.3±0.9 Ma,石榴子石U-Pb年龄为142.9±2.1 Ma,表明通江岭铜(钨)矿床赋矿岩体和矿化均形成于晚侏罗世—早白垩世,为燕山晚期岩浆-成矿作用的产物,是长江中下游成矿带晚侏罗世—早白垩世多金属成矿事件的一部分。这与九瑞矿集区中生代岩浆活动和成矿时代基本一致,此外,与鄂东南矿集区(152~138 Ma)和铜陵矿集区(144~136 Ma)晚中生代成岩-成矿时代大致相同,表明它们都受到中国东部燕山期地球动力学环境的制约(图8)。

  • 长江中下游成矿带的中生代成岩成矿事件是中国东部中生代大规模成岩成矿作用不可或缺的一部分(邓晋福等,2011; 周涛发等,2012)。区内岩浆活动在时空上具有较好的分带性及演化性。周涛发等(2017)根据长江中下游成矿带内中生代花岗岩-火山岩的性质、时空分布、成矿变化以及控矿构造运动学和应力场状态,将区内成岩成矿作用分为走滑挤压(149~135 Ma)、走滑引张(133~125 Ma)和拉张伸展(123~105 Ma)三个阶段。其中,前两个阶段分别形成矽卡岩-斑岩型铜多金属矿(毛景文等,2003; 蒋少涌等,2010王世伟,2011)和矽卡岩、陆相火山岩型铁矿床(Li Jianwei et al.,2008),第三个阶段形成A型花岗岩和铀金矿床(范裕等,2008)。中国东部中生代成矿大爆发与岩石圈减薄、构造转折紧密相关(Mao Jingwen et al.,2013)。在印支期—早燕山期开始,该区处于特提斯构造域的南北向挤压体系中,形成一系列近东西向的基底构造形迹,进入燕山旋回后,区域应力场发生转变,由特提斯构造应力场控制向太平洋构造应力场控制转变(刘一男等,2014; Mao Jingwen et al.,2021),导致岩石圈构造垮塌,引发地幔对流异常,发生地幔交代作用,软流圈上升,形成挤压-伸展过渡背景下与高碱钙碱性岩浆有关的矽卡岩-斑岩型铜金多金属矿床(周涛发等,2017)。本次工作确定通江岭铜(钨)矿床成矿时代约为142.9 Ma,与区内其他铜金矿床成矿时间一致,具有统一的地球动力学背景,为区域性挤压-伸展环境下岩浆-热液演化的产物。

  • 图8 长江中下游Fe-Cu-Au矿集区典型矿床成岩成矿年龄谱系图

  • Fig.8 Diagenetic and metallogenic age spectrum of typical deposits in the Middle and Lower Yangtze River Valley Fe-Cu-Au metallogenic belt

  • 数据来源:吴良士等,1997; 毛景文等,2004; 丁昕等,2005; 谢桂青等,2006; 李进文等,2007; 李亮等,2009; Li Xianhua et al.,2010; 陈志洪等,2011; 王世伟等,2012; 赵玲等,2013; 贾丽琼等,2015; 张世涛等,2018; 张小波等,2020; 刘泉等,2021; Li Yue et al.,2021; Chen Ke et al.,2022

  • Data source:Wu Liangshi et al., 1997; Mao Jingwen et al., 2004; Ding Xin et al., 2005; Xie Guiqing et al., 2006; Li Jinwen et al., 2007; Li Liang et al., 2009; Li Xianhua et al., 2010; Chen Zhihong, 2011; Wang Shiwei et al., 2012; Zhao Ling et al., 2013; Jia Liqiong et al., 2015; Zhang Shitao et al., 2018; Zhang Xiaobo et al., 2020; Liu Quan et al., 2021; Li Yue et al., 2021; Chen Ke et al., 2022

  • 5 结论

  • (1)通江岭铜(钨)矿床花岗闪长斑岩中的锆石和含矿矽卡岩中的石榴子石U-Pb同位素年龄分别为146.3±0.9 Ma和142.9±2.1 Ma,两者具有一致性,显示通江岭铜(钨)矿成矿时代约为142.9 Ma,是长江中下游成矿带晚侏罗世—早白垩世多金属成矿事件的一部分,为燕山晚期岩浆-热液成矿作用的产物。

  • (2)通江岭铜(钨)矿与九瑞矿集区、鄂东南(部分地区)、安庆和铜陵矿集区内的岩浆活动均发生在晚侏罗世—早白垩世,形成于古太平洋板块俯冲作用导致的板内伸展造山作用和后期区域性的挤压-伸展转换环境中。

  • 附件:本文附件(附表1~3)详见http://www.geojournals.cn/dzxb/dzxb/article/abstract/202307095?st=article_issue

  • 注释

  • ❶胡朗明,田立明,付海平,廖为负,等.2021.江西省瑞昌市通江岭铜多金属矿普查报告.内部成果报告,4~46.

  • 附表1 通江岭铜(钨)矿矽卡岩中石榴子石电子探针成分分析结果(%)

  • Appendix 1 Electronic probe component analysis (EMPA) results (%) of garnet in the skarn from the Tongjiangling Cu-W deposit

  • 续附表1

  • 注:“-”低于检测限; Gro—钙铝榴石; And—钙铁榴石; Alm—铁铝榴石; Pyr—镁铝榴石; Spe—锰铝榴石。

  • 附表2 通江岭铜(钨)矿花岗斑岩锆石和石榴子石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb测年结果

  • Appendix 2 LA-ICP-MS U-Pb data of granite-porphyry zircon and garnet from the Tongjiangling Cu-W deposit

  • 附表3 通江岭铜(钨)矿花岗斑岩锆石和石榴子石LA-ICP-MS稀土元素组成(×10-6

  • Appendix 3 LA-ICP-MS rare earth elements (×10-6) of granite-porphyry zircon and garnet from the Tongjiangling Cu-W deposit

  • 续附表3

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