The Outang-Chuxian-Shangyaopu area in Anhui is located in the southeastern margin of the North China Craton, the northern margin of the Middle-Lower Yangtze River Ore Belt, the northern frontal belt of the Qinling-Dabie orogenic belt, and the east side of the Tanlu fault zone (TLFZ). The study area is located at the intersection and transition of various large-scale regional dynamical systems, and a large number of copper deposits are developed around it, which has important economic value. However, the degree of low-temperature thermal history research in the region is low, and the analysis of the thermal history of apatite fission track in this region is of great significance for understanding the regional tectonic evolution. We used apatite fission track to study the tectonic activities in the area of Outang-Chuxian-Shangyaopu. In this paper, we obtained nine apatite fission track results with central age between 113.2±7.8 Ma and 78.6±5.3 Ma. The study reveals the TLFZ has experienced multi-phase thermal events. The Outang-Chuxian-Shangyaopu area showed rapid exhumation at 130~100 Ma, possibly related to the high-speed oblique subduction of the Izanagi plate. The exhumation of the study area was relatively slow from ~100 Ma, until ~60 Ma when the far-field effect of the Indian plate and the Eurasian plate was reflected in the Outang-Shangyaopu area. After the hard collision between the Indian plate and the Eurasian plate started, the Outang-Shangyaopu area was exhumated rapidly. Especially, the thermal history clearly reflects the impact of the hard collision between the Indian and Eurasian plates (55~52 Ma) on the thermal history of the study area, and then the study area was controlled by two tectonic systems, which are the subduction of the Pacific plate and the long-range effect of the collision between the Indian plate and the Eurasian plate.