The Huayangchuan uranium polymetallic deposit is a comprehensive super-large deposit dominated by U-Nb-Pb and associated with rare earth elements. In order to clarify the exhumation history of the deposit and the preservation of the ore body, this paper systematically collected 10 gneiss samples in Huayangchuan mining area according to the distribution characteristics of the ore body, and carried out apatite fission track test. The results show that the age of the samples is between 52.0 ± 2.9 ~ 35.2 ± 0.77 Ma, and the average track length is between 11.53~13.73μm. The thermal history simulation shows that the Huayangchuan area has experienced two stages of rapid uplift and denudation since the Cenozoic : ① Eocene ( 54 ~ 34 Ma ) and ③ Middle Miocene to present ( 13 ~ 0 Ma ), and ②Oligocene to Middle Miocene ( 34 ~ 13 Ma ). Combined with the regional tectonic evolution, the Cenozoic tectonic evolution model of Huayangchuan area is constructed. It is considered that the rapid uplift and denudation in the Eocene period is affected by the thrusting of Xiaohe fault from south to north and the extension of Huashan piedmont fault. During the period of 34 ~ 13 Ma, the study area was in the tectonic quiet period as a whole. The rapid uplift and exhumation since 13 Ma was mainly affected by the Huashan piedmont fault, resulting in the tilt of the study area from north to south. Fission track data and thermal history simulation show that the ore bodies on the southeast side of the study area are well preserved and have great prospecting potential.