On February 23, 2023, a magnitude 7.2 earthquake struck southeastern Tajikistan, close to the border of Xinjiang, China, with a focal depth of 10 km. In general, earthquakes could cause great damages to mountain slopes and even trigger numerous co-seismic landslides. By adopting methods such as InSAR surface deformation monitoring, remote sensing interpretation, and analytical calculation, a rapid risk assessment of co-seismic landslide hazards was conducted, and the development and distribution characteristics of co-seismic landslides was obtained. The results show that: ① InSAR surface deformation monitoring indicated that the seismogenic fault was characterized by right-lateral strike-slip movement. ② More significant deformation was observed on the southern side of the fault, suggesting that it is the active disk of the fault. The highly risk areas for co-seismic landslides were distributed along the fault zone, and primarily in high and steep areas on the sides of the snow mountain and edge ridges, as well as the steep slopes of the valley. ③ Through remote sensing interpretation near the epicenter, it is found that co-seismic geological disasters were mainly comprised of small and medium-scale high-locality glacier-rock avalanches, with characteristics of being scattered and widespread. On this basis, combined with the seismic geological background of the West Himalayan syntaxis, the potential risks of seismic geological disasters to China's border region were assessed, and suggestions for preventing seismic geological disasters in the western border and mountainous areas of China were proposed, which can provide scientific reference for ensuring geological safety of major projects in geologically active areas and for disaster prevention and reduction of geological disasters in mountainous towns.