早三叠世南漳湖北鳄(双孔亚纲:湖北鳄目)头骨再研究
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湖北省地质科学研究院

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本文为国家自然科学基金项目(编号42102011);湖北省自然科学基金项目(编号2021CFB276);湖北省地质勘查基金(编号DTCG-190401);湖北省地质局部门预算项目(编号KJ2021-3,KJ2022-1,KJ2022-5,KJ2023-2,MSDZ2020-6,MSDZ202112)联合资助的成果


Restudy on the Cranium of the Early Triassic Hupehsuchus nanchangensis ( Diapsida: Hupehsuchia)
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Hubei Institute of Geosciences

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    摘要:

    南漳湖北鳄是南漳-远安动物群典型分子和最古老的海生爬行动物之一。为补充其仍缺失甚多的头骨关键特征信息,对近期采集的1件化石标本开展精细修理和比较解剖学研究。修订了该属种头骨的如下特征:上颌两支沿头骨中线发育狭长骨间隙,前上颌骨最前端接触,鼻骨仅最后端接触;前上颌骨及上颌骨背侧发育同走向凹槽;颅顶平,无矢状嵴;顶骨比额骨大,顶孔位于顶骨前中部;上颞孔围成骨骼包括顶骨、后额骨、眶后骨和鳞骨,不包括上颞骨;轭骨三射状,前支细长,具短的腹后突;上枕骨大,近圆形;外枕骨见神经孔。比较分析认为,南漳湖北鳄、南漳龙和扇桨龙均见上颌两支之间的骨间隙,这可能是湖北鳄目同源性状。南漳湖北鳄上颞骨未参与上颞孔围成,轭骨腹后突未完全退化,下颞孔形态残存,与古老双孔亚纲类似,与进步鱼龙型类不同。推测鱼龙型类随着发展演化,上颞骨逐步前移并参与上颞孔围成,下颞孔逐渐闭合。新材料还显示南漳湖北鳄鼻孔朝上,咬合力不强,推测其具有独特的、不同于其他鱼龙型类的活动和捕食习性。

    Abstract:

    Hupehsuchus nanchangensis is the most representative species in the Nanzhang-Yuanan Fauna and one of the oldest marine reptiles. The information about the key features of its cranium is very scarce. Therefore, in order to supplement this part of the content, a fossil specimen collected recently has been carefully repaired and studied in comparative anatomy. This study revised the following cranial diagnoses of this species: a narrow bone space along the middle line of the skull develops along the two branches of upper jaws; the premaxilla contacts with each other at the anterior end, while the nasal only contacts at the posterior ends; groove develops on the premaxilla in the same direction as that of the maxilla; top of the skull is flat without sagittal crest; the parietal is larger than the frontal, and the pineal foramen is located in the anteromiddle part of the parietal; upper temporal fenestra is formed by parietal, postfrontal, postorbital and squamosal, excluding supratemporal; its jugal is a triradiate bone with a thin and long anterior process, and a short ventral process; supraoccipital is large and nearly round; exoccipital has clearly visible nerve opening. The comparision shows that Hupehsuchus nanchangensis, Nanchangosaurus and Eretmorhipis all bear bone spaces formed by both sides of upper jaws, which might be the homologous character of Hupehsuchia. The supratemporal of Hupehsuchus nanchangensis does not participate the upper temporal fenestra. In addition, this species has morphological vestiges of the ventral process of jugal and its inferior temporal fenestra is not completely degraded, which is similar to the oldest diapsid reptiles, but different from the advanced ichthyosauromorphs. It is speculated that with the development and evolution, ichthyosauromorph supratemporal gradually moved forward and participated the upper temporal fenestra, while the inferior temporary fenestra gradually closed. The new material also shows that the external naris of Hupehsuchus nanchangensis is upward and its bite force is not strong, so it can be inferred that this species has a unique feeding function different from other species of ichthyosauromorphs.

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  • 收稿日期:2023-03-08
  • 最后修改日期:2023-04-13
  • 录用日期:2023-04-18
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