新疆可可托海稀有金属矿床成因和南部地区隐伏矿预测——来自地质、遥感和地球物理的证据
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本文为国家自然科学基金项目(编号91962213)、中国科学院国际合作局国际伙伴计划项目(编号132A11KYSB20190070)、上海合作组织国际科技合作计划项目(编号2020E01043)、新疆维吾尔自治区人民政府国家305项目办项目和新疆维吾尔自治区“天池英才”引进计划项目联合资助的成果


Genesis of Koktokay rare metal deposit (Xinjiang) and concealed orebody forecast in its southern district: Evidence from geology, remote sensing and geophysics
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    摘要:

    新疆可可托海是世界著名的伟晶岩型稀有金属矿床,该矿床的成因长期存在争议,资源已枯竭多年,其成矿理论及找矿工作均亟待突破。我们对矿区中—上奥陶统哈巴河群变质岩和三叠纪稀有金属花岗岩进行了地质和地球化学研究,并开展了矿区遥感数据解译和地球物理测量工作。结果表明,哈巴河群变质岩以云母片岩为主,与大陆上地壳微量元素含量相似,若以此作为花岗质岩浆的源岩,很难通过部分熔融直接形成含矿熔体;三叠纪稀有金属花岗岩由白云母钠长花岗岩和少量钠长花岗岩组成,其岩浆源于地下深处,在向上运移过程中,经过结晶和流动分异作用,形成富挥发分的含矿岩浆,异地侵位形成稀有金属花岗岩岩枝,矿区存在花岗岩- 伟晶岩成矿系统。遥感数据解译显示,矿区发育多个环形影像,这些影像是深部环形构造在浅部的反映,已知的伟晶岩脉及稀有金属花岗岩均赋存其中,指示矿区含矿岩浆活动可能与深部环形构造有关。大地电磁测深显示,在矿区15 km以下深处发育低电阻率异常体,反映深部可能存在残余的岩浆房或局部熔融带,矿区花岗质岩浆源于此处;音频大地电磁测深显示,在矿区南北环形构造的深部均存在低电阻率异常。基于上述地质- 遥感- 地球物理的研究结果,我们预测在矿区之南的环形构造深部有断裂构造及含矿岩浆活动,其中可能有隐伏稀有金属矿体的存在。

    Abstract:

    The Koktokay in Xinjiang is a famous pegmatitic- type rare metal deposit. The genesis of the pegmatites has been controversial, and the rare- metal resources have been exhausted for many years. Hence, breakthroughs are urgently needed in both theory and prospecting. In this study, we conducted geological and geochemical research on the Middle Ordovician metamorphic rocks of Habahe Group and Triassic rare- metal granites in the mining area, as well as remote sensing data interpretation, geophysical investigation, and hidden ore prediction. The metamorphic rocks of the Habahe Group are mainly composed of mica schist. Their trace element contents are similar to that of the continental crust. It is impossible to directly form mineralizing magma through partial melting of these metamorphic rocks. The Triassic rare- metal granite mainly consists of muscovite albite granite with minor albite granite, which originated from a deep magma chamber. During the upward migration process, the magma underwent crystallization and flow differentiation to form volatile- rich, highly differentiated magmas, and then intruded locally to form rare- metal granite branches. There is a granite- pegmatite system at Koktokay. Various remote sensing data interpretation results show several ring images in the Koktokay area which could indicate the ring structures at depth. The pegmatites and rare- metal granites occurred in these ring structures, indicating that the host magmatic activity at Koktogay is likely associated with the ring structures. The magnetotelluric (MT) shows that there are low- resistivity anomalous bodies below 15 km at depth, which could be a residual magma chamber or melting zone where the granite magma derived. The audio- frequency magnetotelluric (AMT) shows significant low- resistivity anomalous bodies occur at depth. Based on these results of the geological, remote sensing, and geophysical research, we predict that there might be fault- magma channels in depth of ring- shaped structures, where granitic magma and related rare metal orebodies could be developed.

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申萍,何兰芳,荆林海,潘鸿迪,冯浩轩,罗耀清,李昌昊,马华东,曹冲,白应雄.2023.新疆可可托海稀有金属矿床成因和南部地区隐伏矿预测——来自地质、遥感和地球物理的证据[J].地质学报,97(11):3651-3672.
SHEN Ping, HE Lanfang, JING Linhai, PAN Hongdi, FENG Haoxuan, LUO Yaoqing, LI Changhao, MA Huadong, CAO Chong, BAI Yingxiong.2023. Genesis of Koktokay rare metal deposit (Xinjiang) and concealed orebody forecast in its southern district: Evidence from geology, remote sensing and geophysics[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica,97(11):3651-3672.

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  • 收稿日期:2023-02-25
  • 最后修改日期:2023-05-22
  • 录用日期:2023-05-23
  • 在线发布日期: 2023-12-13
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