Located in the southwest of Iran, the Zagros orogen is an important segment of the Tethyan domain. Meanwhile, it contains numerous large or giant ore deposits, such as Mehdi Abad, Sar Cheshmeh, and Sungun. The tectono-magmatic and metallogenic evolution of the Zagros orogen is reviewed. Four major tectonic units have been recognized, they are the Zagros fold-and-thrust belt (ZFTB), the Sanandaj Sirjan zone (SSZ), the Urumieh Dokhtar magmatic assemblage (UDMA), and the central Iran block (CI). The main significant metallogenic belts in the Zagros include the Zagros podiform chromite, the Arasbaran Kerman porphyry Cu Mo Au, and the Takab-Yazd Pb Zn deposits. Among them, the Takab-Yazd belt is composed of two types of deposits, e.g., MVT-like deposits and volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) deposits. The Zagros is created by collision between the Arabian and Eurasian continents, but the tectonic and metallogenic evolution is complex. During Neoproterozoic to early Cambrian, the area resembled a modern continental arc environment as recorded by numerous granitiods in the SSZ and CI. These blocks separated from Gondwana during late Carboniferous to Permian, and accreted to the Eurasian continent in the Triassic times. The Neo-Tethyan oceanic slab subducted beneath the SSZ during Jurassic and Cretaceous, left back arc basin in the north of the SSZ where volcanogenic massive sulphide deposits and Mehdi Abad Pb Zn deposit formed. Mafic to ultramafic complex hosting Cr mineralizations formed in the south of the SSZ. These podiform chromites were emplaced 40 Ma later during obdution of the oceanic crust. At the end of Eocene to Oligocene, collision between the Arabian and Eurasian continents happened, which made the northern margin of the Arabian plate had been deformed (ZFTB), and abundant magmatic activity occurred bewteen the SSZ and CI (UDMA). Some adakitic granite hosting Cu mineralizations intruded during the early Miocene. The collision also led to Pb-Zn mineralizations in the SSZ. The Zagros orogen has been in post-collisional stage since middle Miocene.