There are abundant of molybdenum resource in China. More than 400 molybdenum deposits have been explored, which are distributed within several metallogenic belts. After systematically summary of geological and geochronogical data(molybdenite Re Os age) of the total molybdenum deposits in China from previous research, we divided the Mo deposits into six metallogenic belts, including East Qinling Dabie district, Xing Meng district, Middle Lower of the Yangtze River district, South China district, Tibet Plateau district and Tianshan Beishan district. Geochronolgical characteritics show that all the molybdenum deposits in China formed in Paleoproterozoic (1882~1804Ma), Eopaleozoic (480~420Ma), Neopaleozoic(412~251Ma), Mesozoic Indosinian (251~209Ma), Mesozoic Yanshanian (194~77Ma) and Cenozoic (65~13Ma), most of which were formed in Mesozoic and Cainozoic. The molybdenum deposits formed in Paleoproterozoic located in the East Qinling Dabie district, the Paleozoic molybdenum deposits are mainly distributed in the Tianshan Beishan district, the Mesozoic molybdenum deposits are widely distributed in eastern China, the Cenozoic deposits are all located in the Tibet Plateau district. Paleoproterozoic (1882~1804Ma) molybdenum deposits formed in the island arc environment of subduction collision between the ancient landmasses(East Qinling Dabie district); Eopaleozoic (480~420Ma) molybdenum deposits formed in the island arc or continental margin arc environment of transition from compression to extension(East Qinling Dabie district, Xing Meng district, South China district); Neopaleozoic(412~251Ma) molybdenum deposits formed in Paleo Asian Ocean subduction island arc environment(Xing Meng district, Tianshan Beishan district); Indosinian (251~209Ma) molybdenum deposits formed in the collision and post collision background (East Qinling Dabie district, Xing Meng district, Tianshan Beishan district); Yanshanian (194~77Ma) molybdenum deposits formed in the Pacific plate subduction and lithospheric thinning delamination environment(East Qinling Dabie district, Xing Meng district, Middle Lower of the Yangtze River district, South China district),and Late Yanshanian (85~77Ma)molybdenum deposits formed in the extension background of post collosion (Tibet Plateau district); Cainozoic molybdenum deposits formed in the Indian and Eurasian plates continental collision and subsequent extending background(Tibet Plateau district). Molybdenum mineralization in China are controlled by the three major tectonic regime: Pacific Rim Tectonic Belt (East Qinling Dabie district, Xing Meng district, Middle Lower of the Yangtze River district, South China district), Central Asian Orogenic Belt (Tianshan Beishan district, Xing Meng district) and Tethyan Tectonic Belt (Tibet Plateau district).