The Miaohe Biota in shales of the Edicaran (Sinian) Doushantuo Formation at Miaohe, Zigui County, Hubei Province and Wenghui, Jiangkou County, Guizhou Province, South China, mainly consists of the carbonaceous compression macrofossils recognized as the diverse benthic assemblage including a large amount of multicellular algae and some forms of the putative metazoa, sponge and trace fossils. These fossils represent a large radiation of multicellular organisms between the Neoproterozoic glacial event and the Early Cambrian metazoan explosion. In analysis and comparison with the dominant taxa of macrofossils from the above two localities and the living multicellular organisms (including red algae, brown algae and green algae), as well as the sedimentary facies of two sites, we suggests the possible affinities of these taxa with the extant multicellular lifes and the interpretations of their ecological environments. Moreover, this study indicates that this Miaohetype assemblage including plenty of the multicellular algae and a few of the metazoan ancestors construct a distinctive palaeocommunity in environment of the Ediacaran SouthChina oceans during about 35~10 Ma before the Cambrian Period.