The Dabie orogenic belt, located in the central part of China, is a product of the subduction collision between the North and South China Plates. The lack of basic geothermal measurement data has severely constrained the understanding of the geothermal field and lithospheric thermal- rheological structure in this area. This study uses temperature logging data from three boreholes, thermophysical measurements from 69 core samples, and geothermal gradient and heat flow values from surrounding areas to analyze the geothermal field and thermal- rheological structure of the Dabei orogenic belt in detail. Our results show that the Dabie orogenic belt exhibits a lower temperature field compared to surrounding structures. At a depth of 1000 m, the temperature is only 40. 0℃, significantly lower than the over 50. 0℃ observed in the southern North China basin, Tongbai orogenic belt, and the northern end of the Yangtze block. The geothermal gradient in the Dabie orogenic belt is generally lower than 26. 0 ℃/km, corresponding to a heat flow of approximately 50. 0 mW/m2. The abnormally high temperature and heat flow values in this area are mainly caused by the exceptionally high radiogenic heat production rate, averaging 7. 34 μW/m3. For the deep temperature and thermal structure of Dabie area, the temperature at the Moho depth is anomalously low, reaching only 359. 9℃. The thermal lithosphere thickness exceeds 200 km, with crustal and mantle heat flows of 30. 0 mW/m2 and 17. 5 mW/m2, respectively, and the ratio of these two values is 1. 71. The rheological structure exhibits an inverse correlation with the surface heat flow. Low heat flow values correspond to high lithospheric strength, reaching 2. 19×1014 N/m. Finally, the Dabie orogenic belt shows an extremely strong upper mantle, with a crust- to- mantle strength ratio of only 0. 04.