冀北燕山隆起- 华北断陷盆地地热流体地球化学特征及地热学意义
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本文为国家重点研发计划项目(编号2019YFB1504101)、中国地质科学院基本科研业务费项目(编号SK202328)和中国地质调查局项目(编号DD20230019)联合资助的成果


Hydrogeochemical evolution of geothermal fluids and its indications in the Yanshan uplift- North China fault basin, northern Hebei
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    摘要:

    地热流体蕴含着丰富的水文地球化学信息,对揭示地热水深部循环模式及地热形成机制,指导地热资源开发利用具有重要意义。基于冀北燕山隆起- 华北断陷盆地区域构造和地热地质背景,本文通过全区91件地热温泉水样与59件浅层地下水样品的水化学与同位素特征分析,探讨了研究区地热系统区划、地热水起源与水文地球化学演化特征,计算了不同分区地热系统热储温度与地热水循环深度及地热流体升流过程中冷水混入比例,建立了不同分区地热系统成因概念模型。结果表明,研究区可划分为坝上高原地幔坳陷带、燕山台褶带上地幔幔坎带和华北裂陷盆地上地幔隆起带三个地热地质区,地热成因模式分别为火山沉积盆地深凹陷层控型、隆起山地断裂深循环对流型和山间沉积盆地对流- 传导复合型,与沉积盆地潜山热水对流- 传导型。由燕山隆起至华北断陷盆地内,地热流体水化学演化在宏观盆地尺度上具有连续性,深部水化学场受地下水径流运动制约,水化学类型由HCO3- Ca、HCO3- Na型演化为HCO3·SO4- Na、SO4- Na型,再变化为Cl·SO4- Na、Cl- Na·Ca和Cl- Na型,区域地热流体的深循环具盆地地下水系统水化学演化特征。坝上地区地热热储温度为63. 44~137. 44℃,循环深度为1800~3770 m,升流过程中冷水混入比例为51. 0%~92. 2%。燕山台褶带地热热储温度为79. 26~148. 62℃,循环深度为2050~4817 m,地热流体升流过程中冷水混入比例为11. 5%~94. 5%。华北断陷盆地中北部地热热储温度为71. 41~144. 49℃,循环深度在2658. 2~3444. 6 m,地热流体升流过程中冷水混入比例为43. 0%~97. 50%。不同地热分区内未受冷水混合影响的深部地热流体温度相当,总体在162~172℃。深部构造变异明显的地幔陡坎和幔阶处,大地热流高异常中心的深大断裂与及次级断裂交汇带为研究区内温度较高地热资源开发利用潜力区。

    Abstract:

    Geothermal fluids are a valuable source of hydrogeological and geochemical information, crucial for understanding deep circulation patterns, geothermal formation mechanisms, and guiding the development and utilization of geothermal resources. This study focuses on the Yanshan uplift- North China fault basin in northern Hebei Province. Based on regional geological and structural conditions, the geothermal system was zoned, and 91 water samples from geothermal wells and hot springs were collected. These samples were analyzed for their hydrochemical composition and isotopic characteristics to determine the recharge source, circulation path, temperature of the thermal reservoir, and the proportion of cold water mixed in during the upwelling of parent geothermal fluid in different geothermal geological zones. The results show that the study area can be divided into three geothermal geological zones: the Bashang Plateau mantle depression, the upper mantle ridge in the Yanshan platform fold belt, and the upper mantle uplift of the middle- northern North China rift depression basin. These zones were delineated based on geological structure and geothermal conditions. Correspondingly, the geologic models of geothermal systems in these zones are: a layered controlled system driven by deep depressions in volcanic sedimentary basins; a deep circulation and convection type associated with uplifted mountain faults, and a complex convection conduction type in intermountain sedimentary basins; and a complex convection and conduction hydrothermal type in buried mountains within sedimentary basins. From the Yanshan uplift to the North China fault basin, the hydrochemical evolution of geothermal fluids exhibits continuity at the macro- basin scale, with the deep hydrochemical field governed by groundwater runoff. Regionally, the hydrochemical types evolve from HCO3- Ca, HCO3- Na type to HCO3·SO4- Na, SO4- Na types, and then to Cl·SO4- Na, Cl- Na·Ca, and Cl- Na types, similar to large- scale basin groundwater systems. The temperature of the geothermal reservoir in the Bashang Plateau geothermal system ranges from 63. 44 to 137. 44℃, with fluid cycling depths of 1800 to 3770 m. The proportion of cold water mixed in during the upwelling of parent geothermal fluid is 51. 0% to 92. 2%. In the Yanshan platform fold belt, the geothermal reservoir temperature is 79. 26 to 148. 62℃, with thermal cycling depths of 2050 to 4817 m, and a cold water mixing proportion of 11. 5% to 94. 5%. The middle- northern North China rift depression basin exhibits a geothermal reservoir temperature of 71. 41 to 144. 49℃, thermal cycling depths of 2658. 2 to 3444. 6 m, and a cold water mixing proportion of 43. 0% to 97. 50%. The temperature of deep geothermal fluids in different zones, unaffected by cold shallow water mixing, is relatively consistent, ranging from 162 to 172℃. Areas where the depth of the earth' s mantle changed steeply, forming mantle scarps, where geological structures vary significantly in the deep mantle, and at the intersection zones of primary and secondary faults with high terrestrial heat flow values, are identified as potential “dessert areas” for high- temperature geothermal resources in the Yanshan uplift- North China fault basin of northern Hebei Province.

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孙厚云,马峰,朱喜,余鸣潇,陈自然,卫晓锋.2025.冀北燕山隆起- 华北断陷盆地地热流体地球化学特征及地热学意义[J].地质学报,99(5):1711-1742.
SUN Houyun, MA Feng, ZHU Xi, YU Mingxiao, CHEN Ziran, WEI Xiaofeng.2025. Hydrogeochemical evolution of geothermal fluids and its indications in the Yanshan uplift- North China fault basin, northern Hebei[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica,99(5):1711-1742.

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  • 收稿日期:2023-12-11
  • 最后修改日期:2024-02-24
  • 在线发布日期: 2024-09-13