胶东玲珑金矿田成矿特征和成矿作用
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本文为国家自然科学基金NSFC- 山东联合基金项目(编号 U2006201)、河北省自然科学基金项目(编号 D2020403061)和河北省高等学校科学技术研究重点项目(编号 ZD2021018)联合资助的成果。


Metallogenic characteristics and mineralization of the Linglong gold field, Jiaodong Peninsula
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    摘要:

    位于华北克拉通东南缘的胶东地区深部找矿取得重大突破,已成为全球第三大金成矿区。玲珑金矿田是胶东石英脉型金矿的典型产地,也是我国最早勘查开发金矿的地区之一,近年来在该区深部探明的蚀变岩型金矿资源量已超过以往探明的石英脉型金矿。但对深部矿体的空间分布以及石英脉型与蚀变岩型金矿的关系还缺乏系统的认识。本文较详细分析了玲珑金矿田的矿床特征及深部变化,综述了矿床地球化学特征和成矿时代的研究成果,探讨了断裂与成矿的关系、石英脉型金矿与蚀变岩型金矿的关系和矿床成因机制。研究发现,蚀变岩型金矿受总体缓倾斜的主断裂控制,石英脉型金矿赋存于主断裂下盘的陡倾张裂隙中。以往认为的多个蚀变岩型矿床实际是同一个金资源量近600 t的巨型金矿床,矿床在垂向2500 m范围内形成3个矿化富集带。其Ⅰ- 2号主矿体埋深44~2333 m,控制最大走向长4750 m,最大倾斜深2430 m,矿体平均厚度11. 50 m,矿石平均品位3. 15 g/t。综合前人研究结果认为:金矿化发生于约120 Ma。成矿流体为中—高温、低盐度、还原条件H2O- CO2- NaCl±CH4体系热液,H- O同位素组成大部分投点于岩浆水与大气降水线之间,矿石的S、Pb同位素特征与赋矿围岩相似,成矿物质主要来自于下地壳,有少量幔源组分贡献。研究发现,大型蚀变岩型金矿体主要赋存于断裂倾角变化部位构成阶梯成矿模式,其原因是断裂倾角变化引起流体压力波动造成金质沉淀;石英脉型和蚀变岩型金矿的矿体特征有明显区别,后者矿体倾角缓、规模大,矿石平均品位低,矿石中金属硫化物含量少(平均S含量约是前者的1/3),金矿物粒度细,金矿物的赋存状态以晶隙金为主(前者主要为包体金);二者的地球化学特征略有差异,后者成矿期的流体包裹体类型较为单一、盐度和温度相对较低,石英脉型矿石的H- O同位素投点位置更接近于岩浆水,蚀变岩型金矿偏向于大气降水,石英脉型矿石的S同位素特征与胶东岩群相似,而蚀变岩型矿石的S同位素特征与晚中生代岩浆岩更接近。这些差异说明,石英脉型和蚀变岩型金矿是同一成矿事件不同成矿方式和不同构造位置的产物。综合分析认为,胶东地区的大规模壳幔混合源岩浆活动,为成矿流体活动提供了热动力条件、运移通道和部分流体来源;岩浆快速隆升引发地壳浅部产生拆离断层和相关张裂构造,为流体聚集、成矿提供了有利空间。

    Abstract:

    The Jiaodong area, located in the southeast margin of the North China Craton, has made a major breakthrough in deep prospecting and has become the third largest goldore cluster in the world. The Linglong gold field is the main producing area of typical quartz vein type gold deposits, and it is also one of the earliest areas to explore and develop gold deposits in China. In recent years, the resources of altered rock type gold deposits in the depth have exceeded that of quartz vein type gold deposits. However, there is still a lack of systematic understanding of the spatial distribution of deep ore bodies and the relationship between quartz vein type and altered rock type gold deposits. In this paper, the geological characteristics of the deposit and changes of the orebodies in the depth of the Linglong gold deposit are analyzed in detail, the research results of geochemical characteristics and metallogenic age are summarized, and the relationship between faults and mineralization, the relationship between quartz vein type and altered rock type gold deposit and metallogenic mechanism are discussed. It is found that the altered rock type gold deposit is controlled by the overall gently inclined main fault, and the quartz vein type gold deposit occurs in the steep extensional fracture in the footwall of the main fault. Several altered rock type deposits constitute a giant gold deposit with gold resources of nearly 600 tons. The deposit forms three mineralization enrichment zones within 2500 m vertically. The depth of I- 2 main ore body is between - 44 m and - 2333 m, the maximum strike length is 4750 m, the maximum dip depth is 2430 m, the average thickness of the ore body is 11.50 m, and the average grade of the ore is 3.15 g/t. Based on the previous research results, it is considered that the gold mineralization occurred at ca. 120 Ma. The ore- forming fluid is the hydrothermal solution of H2O- CO2- NaCl±CH4 system under medium- high temperature, low salinity and reduction conditions. Most of the H- O isotopic composition is cast between the magmatic water and the meteoric water line. The S and Pb isotopic characteristics of the ore are similar to those of the host rock. The ore- forming material mainly comes from the lower crust with a small amount of mantle derived components. It is found that the large altered rock type gold ore bodies mainly occur in the parts with the change of fault dip angle, forming a stepped metallogenic model. The reason is that the change of fault dip angle causes the fluctuation of fluid pressure and gold precipitation. The ore body characteristics of quartz vein type and altered rock type gold deposits are obviously different. The latter has slow dip angle, large scale, low grade, and low content of sulfide in the ore, fine particle size of gold minerals, and the occurrence gold minerals is mainly interstitial gold. The geochemical characteristics of the two types are slightly different. The fluid inclusions in the altered rock type are relatively single, and the salinity and temperature are relatively low. The H- O isotopic composition of quartz vein type ore is closer to magmatic water, and the altered rock type ore is inclined to meteoric water. The S isotopic composition of quartz vein type ores is similar to that of Jiaodong rock group, while the S isotopic composition of altered rock type ores is closer to that of Late Mesozoic Magmatic Rocks. These differences show that quartz vein type and altered rock type gold deposits are the products of the same metallogenic event, with different metallogenic methods and different structural positions. The comprehensive analysis shows that the large- scale crust mantle mixed source magmatism in Jiaodong area provides thermodynamic conditions, migration channels and some fluid sources for the activity of ore- forming fluids. The rapid uplift of magma caused detachment faults and related extensional structures in the shallow crust, which provided a favorable space for fluid accumulation and mineralization.

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李世勇,李杰,宋明春,丁正江,周明岭,范家盟,解天赐,刘向东,王斌,张亮亮,杨真亮.2022.胶东玲珑金矿田成矿特征和成矿作用[J].地质学报,96(9):3234-3260.
Li Shiyong, Li Jie, Song Mingchun, Ding Zhengjiang, Zhou Mingling, Fan Jiameng, Xie Tianci, Liu Xaingdong, Wang Bin, Zhang Liangliang, Yang Zhenliang.2022. Metallogenic characteristics and mineralization of the Linglong gold field, Jiaodong Peninsula[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica,96(9):3234-3260.

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  • 收稿日期:2022-09-28
  • 最后修改日期:2022-09-28
  • 在线发布日期: 2022-09-30