Manganese is an important strategic metal that is in severe shortage in China. Therefore, prospecting manganese ore, especially highgrade manganese ore, has been an urgent task for the Chinese geological workers. One large- scale Carboniferous sedimentary manganese carbonate belt has newly discovered in the Malkansu region, the northwestern of the West Kunlun orogenic belt, which is the most significant discovery of manganese ore prospecting in northern China. However, so far, the spatial distribution, the ore- controlling factors and the formation mechanism of this manganese belt remain unknown, resulting in a poor understanding of the further prospecting work in the region. In this paper, on the basis of geological features of this belt, detailed research for typical manganese deposits within this belt, with the compared study of global typical manganese deposits, the controlling factors of the Malkansu manganese- rich ore belt in the West Kunlun are summarized. These key factors include extensional basins on the continental margin, multi- source manganese source, changes in the marine oxidation- reduction boundary, and intense involvement of organic matter in diagenesis and mineralization. In this study the “Malkansu style” metallogenic model of manganese- rich ore was initially established, and some scientific problems that need further study were suggested. This work would lay a solid foundation for enriching manganese ore mineralization theory and the prospecting in the future.