内蒙古大兴安岭地区下白垩统龙江组首次发现反鸟类
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本文为国家自然科学基金项目(编号41872018)、中国地质调查局项目(编号DD20190602)、河北省委组织部引进高端人才资助项目(编号Z20177187)及河北地质大学专项研究基金(编号TS2017- 001)联合资助的成果。


The first enantiornithine bird from the Lower Cretaceous Longjiang Formation in the Great Khingan Range of Inner Mongolia
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    摘要:

    本文报道了首次发现于内蒙古呼伦贝尔市莫力达瓦达斡尔族自治旗鸽子山化石点下白垩统龙江组的一件反鸟类。为确定该标本的解剖学特征和系统发育位置,本文对其进行了详细的骨骼特征描述,并与其他中生代鸟类进行了形态特征对比,进而通过TNT软件对其进行了系统发育分析。形态特征对比研究结果表明该标本与渤海鸟科(Bohaiornithidae)特征最为相似,如叉骨上升支的末端膨大;尾综骨的末端逐渐收缩变细;胸骨的外侧突明显向胸骨后外侧偏转;第Ⅱ脚趾最为粗壮。然而,该标本又具有许多不同于其他已知渤海鸟类(bohaiornithids)的特征组合,如乌喙骨侧缘从中部开始强烈扩展;胸骨具有三角形的中间突和外边缘凹陷,胸骨前缘比较尖锐;小翼指爪节长而弯曲,大手指爪节短小粗壮。因此,我们建立渤海鸟科新属、新种——兴安北国鸟(Beiguornis khinganensis gen et sp nov)。系统发育分析结果表明北国鸟与渤海鸟科的齿槽鸟(Sulcavis)和周鸟(Zhouornis)亲缘关系最近,三者构成一个单系类群 (Zhouornis+‘Beiguornis+Sulcavis’)。除了长爪鸟(Longusunguis),渤海鸟科的其他类群与北国鸟均在一个单系类群内,确定了北国鸟在渤海鸟科的系统发育位置。兴安北国鸟是大兴安岭地区发现的第一件反鸟类,进一步丰富了该地区热河生物群组合面貌,而且在提高渤海鸟科属种丰富度的同时,把该类群的地理分布范围从冀北- 辽西地区扩展到内蒙古大兴安岭地区,更为不同地区热河生物群对比研究提供了科一级的鸟类化石证据。

    Abstract:

    This article reports the first enantiornithine bird from the Lower Cretaceous Longjiang Formation at the Pigeon Hill locality of Morin Dawa Daur Autonomous Banner, Hulunbuir City, Inner Mongolia. To ascertain the anatomical characters and phylogenetic position, the specimen was described in detail and compared with other Mesozoic birds. Phylogenetic analyses were performed in TNT. The new specimen is most similar to Bohaiornithidae in the expanded omal end of the furcular ramus, the gently tapered distal end of the pygostyle, the caudolaterally oriented lateral trabecula of the sternum, and a robust second pedal digit. It is further distinguishable from other known bohaiornithids by possessing the following unique combination of features, such as the lateral margin of the coracoid prominently expands from the middle part; the sternum possesses a triangular intermediate trabecula, a small notch on the lateral margin and a relatively sharp cranial margin; and the alular manual ungula is long and recurved, whereas the major manual ungual is short and robust. Therefore, we erect a new taxon of Bohaiornithidae- Beiguornis khinganensis gen. et sp. nov.. Phylogenetic analyses show that Beiguornis is most closely related to Sulcavis and Zhouornis of Bohaiornithidae, and these three taxa form a monophyletic clade (Zhouornis+‘Beiguornis+Sulcavis’). Except for Longusunguis, other taxa of Bohaiornithidae and Beiguornis are included within a monophyletic clade, which further ascertains the phylogenetic position of Beiguornis within Bohaiornithidae. Beiguornis khinganensis represents the first occurrence of enantiornithine bird in the Great Khingan Range and enriches the biological combination of the Jehol Biota in this area. It further enriches the diversity of bohaiornithids, expands the geographic distribution of bohaiornithids from northern Hebei and western Liaoning to the Great Khingan Range in Inner Mongolia, and provides the low- taxonomic correlations with the Jehol Biota in different areas using the same order- clade of fossil birds.

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王旭日,鞠书彬,吴文盛,刘义川,郭震,季强.2022.内蒙古大兴安岭地区下白垩统龙江组首次发现反鸟类[J].地质学报,96(2):337-348.
Wang Xuri, Ju Shubin, Wu Wensheng, Liu Yichuan, Guo Zhen, Ji Qiang.2022. The first enantiornithine bird from the Lower Cretaceous Longjiang Formation in the Great Khingan Range of Inner Mongolia[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica,96(2):337-348.

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  • 收稿日期:2021-12-03
  • 最后修改日期:2021-12-28
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  • 在线发布日期: 2022-03-02
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