High- efficient exploration and development of coal measure gas is the current focus of research on coal geology and unconventional oil and gas geology in China. “Rock mechanics stratigraphy and unconventional oil and gas” is an international frontier research field in unconventional oil and gas exploration and development. The studies on coal measure rock mechanics strata and coal measure gas has both theoretical significance and practical value. The classic and new academic ideas of rock mechanics stratigraphy were summarized, the present status of the theory and method of rock mechanics stratigraphy and its application on unconventional oil and gas exploration and development were reviewed, the foundation and conditions of constructing the theory and method of rock mechanics stratigraphy in coal measures were analyzed, the outlook of the application of rock mechanics stratigraphic theory and method to the high- efficient exploration and development of coal measure gas is summarized. The mechanism of co- storage- co- recovery and high- efficient development of coal measure gas is a key scientific problem, which restricts the high- efficient exploration and development of coal measure gas. Rock mechanics strata have natural properties and advantages of organically connecting unconventional oil and gas geology with reservoir engineering theory, and is expected to become a powerful tool for geological theory and technology to solve key scientific problems. The core connotation of classical academic ideas for rock mechanics strata is the sedimentary strata and its related structural development rules on the natural fracture controlled by the rock mechanic characteristics. A new academic idea is that the sedimentary strata not only control the development of natural fractures and unconventional oil and gas accumulation in tight reservoirs, but also the development of artificially induced fractures and unconventional oil and gas development in tight reservoirs. The objective of the research on coal measure rock mechanics stratigraphy is to focus on the uniqueness of coal measure rock mechanics stratigraphy and its response to coal measure gas accumulation and development, reveal the control mechanism of rock mechanics stratigraphy on coal measure gas co- storage- co- recovery, set up rock mechanics stratigraphy theory and method system for coal measure gas exploration and development. Taking superimposed gas reservoirs in typical coal- bearing section of coal measures as an example, it is urgently required to construct and apply the coal measure mechanical stratigraphy model, and to carry out sweet spot prediction, pay zone selection and recovery technique optimization for the high- efficient exploration and development of coal measure gas (coal- bearing section) in China.