The pegmatites containing rare metals are classified into LCT (LithiumCesiumTantalum) and NYF (NiobiumYttriumFluorine) types, with the LCT type being the world's most important source of lithium. In this contribution we review the global progress in geological exploration and study of the pegmatitetype lithium deposits, and briefly introduce representative deposits from different continents. It is noted that the pegmatitetype lithium deposits are heterogeneous spatial distribution. Temporally, the mineralization shows multistage and episodic features. Most of the LCTtype pegmatites were formed during latestage of the convergent orogenies, and possibly associated with the supercontinent assembly. The LCT pegmatites are generally enriched in volatile components, genetically related to postcollisional Stype granites, spatially hosted in metamorphic rocks, and deeply seated along fault structures.