太湖湖盆冲击成因假说的演变及研究进展
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本文为国家自然科学基金项目(编号 40972031, 41272057)和南京大学地球科学与工程学院内生金属矿床成矿机制研究国家重点实验室自主研究课题 (编号 2008- Ⅱ- 15, 2012- Ⅱ- 13)资助的成果。


Evolution of the impact origin hypotheses of Taihu Lake basin and research progress
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    摘要:

    本文的主要目的是回顾太湖湖盆成因假说,并重点介绍太湖湖盆冲击成因假说的研究历史,首先对各类太湖湖盆非冲击类成因假说做简单的介绍和评述,这些假说包括潟湖说、构造说、堰塞说、火山爆喷说及综合成因说,然后重点回顾太湖湖盆冲击成因假说的演变过程。太湖湖盆冲击成因假说的第一阶段在20世纪90年代初,根据太湖地区砂岩中存在大量石英变形纹现象提出冲击假说,因认知不足,渐渐势微;第二阶段是21世纪初,太湖湖底淤泥层赋存大量奇特富铁质结核的新发现再次复兴了冲击假说,但太湖冲击坑确定的结论并不成熟,证据并不充分,遭到质疑;第三阶段自2012年开始,认识到工作中的失误和冲击假说的难点,再次聚焦富铁质结核的矿物学成因及所处淤泥层位的沉积学特征研究,以此为基础提出了太湖空爆冲击成因假说。最新研究结果显示太湖存在一层含富铁质结核的泥质层;富铁质结核的形态和内部特征有可能提供太湖湖盆成因的相关信息。富铁质结核可能是湖盆形成初期时大水面下淤泥空隙沉积结核物,也可能是空爆气柱合成产物和回落物。太湖湖盆空爆成因假说研究具有非常重要的科学意义,值得深入研究。

    Abstract:

    This paper is to review several origin hypotheses of Taihu Lake basin, and mainly focus on the history of the impact origin hypotheses of Taihu Lake basin. First, several non- impact origin hypotheses of Taihu Lake basin are introduced and simple comments are given for each hypothesis which include lagoon origin hypothesis, tectonic origin hypothesis, barrier lake hypothesis, volcanic eruption hypothesis, polygenetic origin hypothesis, Then, we mainly focus on the evolution history of impact origin hypothesis explained briefly in three waves or three time- spans. The first wave started in early 90s of the 20th century. The impact origin of Taihu Lake basin was proposed, based on the deformation features well developed in quartz grains of sandstone of Taihu Lake area, and the impact hypothesis gradually turn into unfavorable due to the lack of understanding impact cratering features. The second wave came in early years of 21st century. The discovery of abundant unique Fe- rich concretions occurring in the mud layers of Taihu Lake basin revived the impact origin hypothesis. However, the conclusion that the impact origin of Taihu Lake was confirmed is not mature. The impact hypothesis was not accepted by many scholars due to the lack of convinced evidence of impact, and receive some critics. The third wave of impact- related origin hypothesis started in 2012, we realized our mistakes made in our previous work on sandstone and breccia of Taihu Lake area, and understood the difficulties of the impact origin hypothesis of Taihu Lake basin. The research was shifted back on mineralogy origin study of the Fe- rich concretions and the sedimentary characteristics of the marked silty mud layer of Taihu Lake area. The airburst impact origin hypothesis of Taihu Lake basin is proposed. The updated results and progresses show that there is one specific marked silty mud layer unknown by previous studies occurring in Taihu Lake vicinity containing unique Fe- rich concretions. The marked silty layer has unique morphology, and internal textures, which are the keys to reveal the origin of Taihu Lake basin. The Fe- rich concretions could be products either of sedimentary concretions formed in pore spaces of mud layer under huge water body when Taihu Lake were formed initially, or the fallout products of materials synthesized in the plume caused by airburst. The study of origin of Taihu Lake basin has significant science value and is worth to study more.

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左书豪,谢志东.2021.太湖湖盆冲击成因假说的演变及研究进展[J].地质学报,95(9):2920-2935.
Zuo Shuhao, Xie Zhidong.2021. Evolution of the impact origin hypotheses of Taihu Lake basin and research progress[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica,95(9):2920-2935.

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  • 收稿日期:2021-05-14
  • 最后修改日期:2021-08-01
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  • 在线发布日期: 2021-08-23
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