The early evolution history and environmental conditions on Mars are very similar to the Earth. In order to understand the paleoclimate of Mars, and whether there was life on Mars, the history of water environment on Mars has always been of interest. Here we introduce the important role of water in the evolution of Mars from the traces of waters modification on the surface of Mars. Fluvial activity, glaciers, ancient lakes and ancient oceans all had a great influence on the evolution of Martian surface topography and the formation and migration of minerals and rocks as their development and disappearance were affected by the Martian paleoclimate. The question of whether the ancient climate on Mars was warm and wet, or dry and cold has been debated, but it is certain that at least a transient and persistent period of warm and wet climate provided the conditions for fluvial activity. The surface of Mars today is cold and dry, but the subsurface of Mars has ice sheet and even lakes. The Mars exploration mission has been more frequent in recent years, which can help to solve the enigma of the history of water evolution on Mars.