Mining is one of the pillar industries in many African countries and plays a key role in their national economic development. Based on the research results of Tianjin Center of China Geological Survey (Southern Africa) and Wuhan Center of China Geological Survey (Northern Africa), this paper briefly summarizes the mining development status of Africa. Mining output values of seven countries of thirty- nine major African countries have more than 15 billion USD in the latest year, and the ratios of mining output value vs GDP of twenty- four countries have more than 6%. The average ratios of mining output value vs GDP of twenty- two countries have more than 6% since 2010. The African continent is dominated by Gondwana tectonic domain. The basement rocks are mainly composed of Archean to Paleoproterozoic metamorphic sedimentary, metamorphic magmatic and magmatic rocks. The inside Archean Craton is usually surrounded by a series of Neoproterozoic orogenic belts, and some parts of the basement are intruded by Pan- African magmatic rocks. The tectonic evolution of African continent mainly includes the formation stage of ancient craton core (>3.5 billion years), craton evolution stage (3.5~1.65 billion years), platform development and internal break stage (1.65~0.6 billion years), platform cover and large fracture development stage (since 0.6 billion years). According to the Neoproterozoic Pan- African orogenic event, the African continent can be further divided into five II grade tectonic units. The preponderant minerals in Africa mainly include oil, natural gas, gold, iron, cobalt, copper, lead- zinc, bauxite, uranium, sylvine and so on. This paper detailly introduces the mining projects, mineral reserves and resources and deposit characteristics of eleven minerals such as nickel, cobalt, chromium, copper and iron, which can provide authoritative and reliable geological data and theoretical knowledge for Chinese enterprises to carry out mining investment in Africa.