?Large-thickness gypsum of Aertashen Formation is developed in intermittent marine transgressive environment in the Yarkand Basin in Paleocene, Xinjiang. The sedimentary range of saline lake is located in the West Kunlun and south Tianshan piedmonts in the early Paleocene, and gradually expanded to the whole basin accompanied large-scale transgression in later period. The cuttings, from 5 drilling holes' evaporite profiles located in the west kunlun and south tianshan piedmonts, are analyzed by geochemical method to reveal that the evolution process of saline lake in potassium, magnesium, sodium, calcium and sulfate radical changing trend in line with evaporation and concentration trend of saline lake the early Paleocene. The saline lake, affected by intermittent transgression environment, undergoes at least 2 concentrated stages and 1 enrichment trend of potassium in the early Paleocene, and the intervals of concentrated stages represent at least 3 times in different transgressive phases. Sulfur isotopes analysis on gypsum from outcrops in West kunlun and south Tianshan piedmonts reveal that from the marine to terrestrial sedimentary environment in Yarkand Basin in the early Paleocene. The Aertashen area, located in middle of west kunlun piedmont, is a marine sedimentary environment, which reflects the saline lake has experienced 3 times expanded marine transgression, and be consistent with drilling cuttings geochemical analysis results. The Dashan area in the northwest region of Yarkand Basin has experienced changes on paralic - marine - paralic - marine environment, may be affected by ancient terrain or fresh water supplies, but the Aertashen area, in the middle part of West kunlun piedmont, is marine evaporative sedimentary environment. This reflects lower ancient terrain than Dashankou area controlled by tectonic background of the foreland basin, resulting in differences in sedimentary environment.