滇西北维西陆缘弧月亮坪早三叠世VMS型铅锌矿床的发现及地质意义
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本文为云南省基础研究计划项目(编号2019FA018、2019FB062)、国家自然科学基金项目(编号41862009)、中国地质调查局发展研究中心项目(编号DD2019057017)联合资助的成果。


Discovery and significance of Early Triassic VMS type Pb- Zn deposit in Yueliangping, Weixi continental margin, northwestern Yunnan
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    摘要:

    滇西北维西陆缘弧夹持于扬子地块和兰坪地块之间,是古特提斯时期形成的火山弧,中—下三叠统攀天阁组酸性端元和崔依比组基性端元构成的双峰式火山岩是其主要组成部分,被视为研究古特提斯洋俯冲和闭合过程的关键区带。本文初次在该火山岩带攀天阁组长英质火山岩中发现了1处VMS型矿床——月亮坪铅锌矿。初步野外调查显示,铅锌矿体具有“上层下脉”双层结构,伴生赤铁矿硅质岩、重晶石岩等热水喷流岩;围岩蚀变不对称,矿体上盘火山岩蚀变微弱,下部脉状矿体密切伴生有硅化、绿泥石化、绢云母化等围岩蚀变。层状矿体上、下盘英安岩LA- ICP- MS锆石U- Pb年龄分别为247. 8±1. 1 Ma和249. 0±1. 1 Ma,表明成岩成矿时代为早三叠世。地球化学特征显示,英安岩属中高硅、高钾、过铝质长英质岩石,兼具“S”型花岗岩和岛弧火山岩特征,暗示岛弧“基底”为大陆壳;赤铁矿硅质岩发育条纹构造,稀土含量低,轻稀土富集,高的正Eu异常(δEu=2. 37),U/Th达23. 6,Co/Ni为0. 17,是典型的海底热水喷流岩;矿石稀土配分曲线及微量元素标准化蛛网图与下盘英安岩极为相似,显示成矿元素主要来自下伏长英质岩系。综合区域地质和前人研究资料,初步认为二叠纪时期古特提斯洋俯冲作用导致兰坪地块东侧德钦—维西—乔后一带的大陆边缘形成了安第斯型俯冲带,早三叠世洋壳俯冲角度变陡引起弧后拉张,月亮坪铅锌矿是在伸展背景下形成于酸性火山岩端元的黑矿型VMS铅锌矿床。区域上,该带双峰式火山岩喷发峰期约为247 Ma,时间跨度约7 Ma,并经过与弧有关的海底火山作用而快速伸展沉降至深海条件,随着盆地的闭合和抬升,呈带状拼贴在弧- 陆碰撞带上,具有“夭折的弧裂谷”特点,是保存VMS型矿床的理想场所。目前对该带火山岩容矿的VMS型矿床研究程度低,找矿工作长期以来未有突破。月亮坪铅锌矿的发现对维西陆缘弧找矿空间的开辟有重要指示意义,早—中三叠世火山岩可作为本区重要的VMS矿床勘查和研究层位。

    Abstract:

    The Weixi continental margin arc, sandwiched between the Yangtze block and the Lanping block, is a volcanic arc formed during the Paleo- Tethys period. The bimodal volcanic rocks composed of the acidic end members of the Middle- Lower Triassic Pantiange Formation and the basic endmember of the Cuiyibi Formation are the main components of the Weixi continental margin arc, which is regarded as a key zone for the study of the subduction and closure process of the Paleo- Tethys ocean. In this paper, a VMS type deposit, named the Yueliangping Pb- Zn deposit, has been discovered for the first time in the felsic volcanic rocks of the Pantiange Formation in this volcanic belt. Preliminary field investigation shows that the lead- zinc ore body has a double- layer structure of “upper layer and lower vein”, associated with exhalative rocks, such as hematite siliceous rock, barite rock. The wall rock alteration is asymmetric, and the volcanic rock in the hanging wall of the ore body is slightly altered, while the lower vein ore body is closely associated with wall rock alteration such as silicification, chloritization and sericitization. LA- ICP- MS zircon U- Pb ages of dacite in the upper and lower wall of the layered orebody are 247. 8±1. 1 Ma and 249. 0±1. 1 Ma, respectively, 〖JP2〗indicating that the diagenetic and metallogenic age is Early Triassic. The geochemical characteristics show that dacite belongs to medium high silicon, high potassium and peraluminous felsic rocks, with the characteristics of S- type granite and island arc volcanic rocks, suggesting that the basement of island arc is continental crust. Hematite silicalite is characterized by stripe structure, low REE content, LREE enrichment, high positive Eu anomaly (δEu=2. 37), U/Th=23. 6, Co/Ni=0. 17, which is a typical submarine hydrothermal exhalation rock. The patterns of REE and trace element of the ore are very similar to those of the footwall dacite, indicating that the ore- forming elements are mainly from the underlying felsic rock series. Based on regional geology and previous research data, it is proposed that the subduction of the Paleo- Tethys Ocean during the Permian period led to the formation of an Andean- type subduction zone on the continental margin of the Deqin- Weixi- Qiaohou area on the east side of the Lanping block. The Early Triassic oceanic crust subduction angle became〖JP〗 steeper, resulting in back arc extension. The Yueliangping Pb- Zn deposit is a Kuroko- type VMS Pb- Zn deposit formed in the felsic volcanic rocks under the extensional background. Regionally, the peak period of bimodal volcanic rocks in the belt is 247 Ma, with a time span of about 7 Ma. Under the submarine volcanism related to the arc, the bimodal volcanic rocks rapidly extended and subsided to the deep- sea conditions. With the closure and uplift of the basin, the bimodal volcanic rocks were collaged together on the arc- continent collision zone, with the characteristics of aborted arc rift. It is an ideal place to preserve VMS type deposits. At present, the research on VMS type deposits hosted by volcanic rocks in this belt is low, and the prospecting work has not made a breakthrough for a long time. The discovery of Yueliangping Pb- Zn deposit is of important significance for the exploration of the Weixi continental margin arc. The Early- Middle Triassic volcanic rocks can be regarded as the important exploration and research objects of VMS deposits in this area.

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李守奎,刘学龙,刘思晗,张世涛,赵庆红,杨学雄.2022.滇西北维西陆缘弧月亮坪早三叠世VMS型铅锌矿床的发现及地质意义[J].地质学报,96(4):1239-1264.
Li Shoukui, Liu Xuelong, Liu Sihan, Zhang Shitao, Zhao Qinghong, Yang Xuexiong.2022. Discovery and significance of Early Triassic VMS type Pb- Zn deposit in Yueliangping, Weixi continental margin, northwestern Yunnan[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica,96(4):1239-1264.

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  • 收稿日期:2020-11-08
  • 最后修改日期:2021-01-13
  • 录用日期:2021-03-12
  • 在线发布日期: 2022-04-17
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