Doushantuo Formation is the first interglacial deposited at the end of the glacial event of the Cryogenian. Extensive transgression resulted in the development of organic rich black shale all over the world, which is an important source rock for deep oil and gas exploration at present. The widely distributed Doushantuo Formation source rocks in South China are affected by tectonism and sedimentary facies, resulting in large differences in spatial distribution and strong heterogeneity in source rocks, posing a challenge to oil and gas exploration and prediction. On the basis of previous studies, combined with the analysis of organic geochemistry, paleontology and sedimentary geochemistry of three profiles, this study compared 10 typical profiles in South China, and concluded that in the Doushantuo Formation, 2nd Member and 4th Member developed source rocks. The analysis of redox environment shows that the source rocks of the 2nd Member of Doushantuo Formation are formed in dysoxic environment in a transgressive background, and the source rocks of the 4th Member are formed in anoxic environment in regressive background. Multicellular algae and acritarcha are the main source materials. The comparative study shows that the platform facies mainly develops in the 4th Member source rocks (TOC average value is 3. 61%), the slope facies mainly develops in the 2nd Member (TOC average value is 2. 20%) and the 4th Member source rocks (TOC average value is 3. 66%). Based on a large number of analysis data and profile correlation, it is considered that the thickness and quality of source rock are obviously controlled by paleo- depression and redox environment. Based on the outcrop and drilling data, the thickness distribution of the source rocks in the Doushantuo Formation of South China (the 2nd Member+the 4th Membe r) is predicted. A favorable area for excellent source rock distribution is proposed providing a basis for deep oil and gas exploration and prediction of shale gas- rich areas.