The Wafangdian diamond ore field in the Liaoning Province is located in the Neoproterozoic Paleozoic depression in the east of Liaoning Province. The stratas of all ages in the area are exposed, the largest of which occur in the Neoproterozoic area. The largest fault structure in the area is the north- north- east Jinzhou fault. The discovered kimberley rock mass is largely distributed to the west of the fault. More than 100 discovered kimberlite bodies have been divided into 4 ore belts. Four large primary diamond deposits and three near source small diamond sand deposits have been discovered. These resources account for more than half of those identified in the country. It is an important diamond concentration area in China. The No.50 kimberlite pipe is well known in the gem industry for its superior diamond quality. However, most of the kimberlites in this area were discovered in 1970s and 1980s. In order to improve diamond exploration, the metallogenic conditions and ore controlling factors of kimberlites in this area were studied. The spatial distribution of kimberlites in the Wafangdian area occurs in groups and zones. These are found both in rock pipes and veins of which the former is the main source accounting for about 20%. The rock masses vary in size and shape. Most of the rock pipes and dikes located by drilling holes are characterized by sudden interruption of downward extension. Kimberlite indications seen in borehole show that the bottom boundary of many kimberlite pipes is either straight, or there are many horizontal areas with translational dislocations. The typical rock pipes and veins are closely related to the isometric or near isometric structural basins. Based on the analysis of the spatial distribution and rock morphology characteristics of kimberlite, the emplacement process and emplacement mechanism of kimberlite in this area was inferred. It is proposed that in the hypabyssal stage of emplacement of kimberlite in the Wafangdian area, overlying strata in the sections where the ascending channel is not smooth were uplifted due to the large amount of volatiles carried by the magma. When the volatiles leaked out, the collapse of the uplifted strata collapse formed a shallow saucer like structural basin. The kimberlite body is located in the leakage channel of volatiles. Some magma migrated and was consolidated along the secondary fractures. Because of the late nappe structural transformation, the horizontal displacement of the rock pipes and veins occurred resulting in disruption of their downward extension as seen in the boreholes. This study provides new ideas for judicious extension of exploration work.