With rapid development of urban economy in the lower reaches of the Yellow River, the contradiction between the limited water resources of the Yellow River and increasing water use by residents becomes increasingly evident. In order to improve the degree of security for emergency water supply, ensure the safety of people's lives and maintain social stability, this study took Lijin county as an example to conduct an investigation of shallow groundwater resources. Distribution and specific amount of available groundwater resources in this region have been identified using field geological investigation, geophysical exploration, water quality analysis, hydrogeology drilling and pumping test. Based on research results above and applicable conditions of various water extraction methods, the scope of emergency water source and emergency development and utilization scheme of shallow groundwater and deep groundwater have been proposed respectively. The research results have very important practical and strategic significance for the improvement of water supply safety, the promotion of people's living standards and the assurance of water resources security in Lijin County.