The formation process of the Quaternary glacial and interglacial cycles, and the response and evolution process of the terrestrial vegetation system are key issues in global research on geological timescales. This paper reconstructs the regional vegetation evolution process since the past 3 Ma by using 121 highquality pollen data from borehole of LN1 in the north part of North China. The study results indicate that the regional vegetation has experienced four major development processes. The climate was relatively warm and humid during the 3~2 Ma and the vegetation was deciduous broadleaved forest, mainly composed of pine, birch, alfalfa, walnut, and alfalfa. The vegetation changed sharply such that the proportion of coniferous forest expanded and the broadleaved forest decreased in the area around 2 Ma. The vegetation changed to coniferous and broadleaved mixed forest dominated by pine, spruce and birch during 2~1.2 Ma. During the midPleistocene global climate transition period, the regional vegetation changed rapidly, transforming into a shrubland of sap trees at about 1.2~0. 7 Ma. After 0. 7 Ma, the regional climate was further dry and the regional environment changed to typical grassland vegetation landscape around 0.7 Ma. The vegetation changes in the region reflect the trend of aridification and cooling in the North China Plain with prominent climate events at 3 Ma 2. 0 Ma, 1. 2 Ma, and 0. 7 Ma. These results reflect that the vegetation evolution process and the gradual decrease of monsoon coincide with the rapid expansion of the Arctic ice sheet since nearly 3 Ma in North China.