From 2016 to 2018, 88 surface water samples of Jiajika rare metal mine and surrounding areas were collected systematically, and the concentration of rare metal elements such as Li, Be, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Cs, Hf, Ta and main ions in the surface water were analyzed. The results show that: 1) the average concentration of rare metal elements such as Li, Be, Rb, Nb, Cs and Ta in the surface water of Jiajika mining area is much higher than that of the rivers in western Sichuan Province; 2) The concentration of Li in surface water in Jiajika mine were sensitive to both surface and deep lithium veins. The high value of the Li concentration in the surface water of Jiajika mine is consistent with the location of the lithium vein and lithium- bearing area; 3) The enrichment characteristics of Li, Be, Rb, Cs in surface water can be used to the prospecting of rare metal mineral resources efficiently. The peripheral working area of Jiajika has to pographical fluctuations so that it is difficult to conducting geological survey work. In this condition, the geochemical anomalies of rare metal in surface water can be tried to used to minify the prospecting area.