In view of unique geotectonic position and complex sedimentation of foreland thrust belts, this study analyzed subsidence history and sedimentary system distribution of the Wuxia foreland thrust belt in the western margin of the Junggar basin on the base of erosion thickness restoration and sequence division. The results reveal that collisional compression between Junggar block and Siberian block in the late stage of Hercynian movement resulted in the formation of a series of nappe structures. A peripheral foreland basin formed due to flexure and subsidence of the foreland lithosphere, accompanied by large- scale transient volcanic activities, resulting in deposition of a mass of Permian strata. With gradually perishing of plate subduction in the end of the Devonian, this area entered inherited compression activity stage of Indo- Sinian intracontinental depression in the Triassic. Affected by stress field of N- S compression and sinistral structure, paleo- fault zones revived to thrust up and Hala’ alate mountain uplifted sharply, forming the Heshituoluog basin on back of thrust belt. The Jurassic- Cretaceous period (early- mid- Yanshanian Movement) witnessed filling and perishing of the intracontinental depression, but still there existed inherited fault activities but in decreasing intensity of structural activity. Therefore, the intracontinental basin got into the shape at the third episode of the Yanshanian movement. The Wuxia area had been undergoing plate collision and intracontinental compression through all the courses, during which episodic thrusting activities of the thrust belt caused basin subsiding episodically and correspondingly deposition and filling and directly controlled the depositional features of foreland basin and depression basin.