The sequence division, sedimentary age and provenance of the black clastic rock series called Madian Formation (or Fengtai Formation) between Neoproterozoic and Cambrian dolomites in the southeastern margin of North China Craton (NCC) are still debated. In this study, comprehensive analysis using elemental geochemistry and detrital zircon U-Pb geochronology has provided important evidence for stratigraphic framework and MesoNeoproterozoic to Early Paleozoic tectonic evolution of the southeastern margin of NCC. The enrichment coefficients (EF) of most elements and U-Pb ages of detrital zircons of the whole Madian Formation are similar, and the latter mainly concentrated between 2.6 Ga and 1.0 Ga with multiple age peaks of ~2.5 Ga, ~2.1 Ga, ~1.8 Ga, 1.6~1.4 Ga and 1.3~1.0 Ga. The Madian Formation is generally considered a continuous transgressive stratum of the Cambrian series 2 epoch in the passive continental margin, with sediments entirely derived from the Xuhuai area in the interior of the North China Craton. The Madian Formation is characteristic of two-ends mixing between Neoproterozoic carbonatic sedimentary caprocks and early Precambrian metamorphic basements, manifested by difference of petrology, element geochemistry and provenance. Detrital zircons of >18 Ga were derived from the Early Precambrian metamorphic basement, while the Mesoproterozoic detrital zircons and gravelgrade dolomite debris clastic particles were from the Neoproterozoic sedimentary caprocks, with a very small amount of Neoproterozoic detrital zircons from the Neoproterozoic basic dykes. 1.6~1.4 Ga and 1.3~1.0 Ga detrital zircon records in the Neoproterozoic and lower Paleozoic of the periphery of NCC confirm that a Meso-Neoproterozoic tectonic belt developed at least in the eastern and southern margins of NCC, which are similar to those in the North Qinling region and was strongly involved in the process of Columbia supercontinent breakup and Rodinia supercontinent convergence during the Mesoproterozoic era. The tectonic belt was the main provenance supply area for rift basins in the eastern to southern margin of NCC during early Neoproterozoic era, and started breaking up from NCC at 900Ma so that its provenance proportion has been completely missing in Early Paleozoic Madian formation deposition.