新疆东天山铜镍成矿带西段镁铁—超镁铁质岩体成因及成矿潜力研究
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Genesis and Oreforming Potential of MaficUltramafic Intrusions in the Western Part of East Tianshan CuNi Metallogenic Belt, Xinjiang
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    摘要:

    新疆东天山铜镍成矿带铜镍总储量达百万吨,是我国重要的铜镍矿集区。以往的研究多集中在成矿带的东段和中段,而本文选择成矿带西段的典型岩体进行详细的地质年代学、矿物学和岩石地球化学研究。东天山铜镍成矿带西段镁铁—超镁铁质岩体以大草滩和白鑫滩岩体为代表,可分为四种岩相:闪长岩相、辉长岩相、橄榄辉长岩相和橄榄岩相,其中橄榄岩相为主要含矿岩相。白鑫滩岩体橄榄辉长岩锆石U-Pb年龄为286.4±1.6 Ma,与岩体含长辉石橄榄岩(~278 Ma)相差~7 Ma。大草滩和白鑫滩岩体样品主量元素投影点都处于主要造岩矿物化学成分之间,表明岩体的主量元素主要受堆晶矿物控制。大草滩和白鑫滩岩体的微量元素标准化图解与东天山典型成矿岩体相似,均具有明显的Nb,Ta亏损,且具有较高的εNd(t)值(+6.01 ~ +8.9,t = 286 Ma)和εHf(t)值(+11.62 ~ +16,t = 286 Ma)。大草滩和白鑫滩岩体岩浆源区是软流圈上涌导致被俯冲事件改造的交代地幔发生部分熔融的产物。岩体橄榄石Fo值与Ni的关系表明岩浆在橄榄石结晶过程中存在硫化物熔离。模拟计算表明上述岩体母岩浆在上侵过程中在深部与新生的岛弧地壳发生5% ~ 15%的混染后达到了硫饱和,造成了硅酸盐岩浆PGE的亏损。分离结晶和地壳硫的加入是导致岩浆在地壳层位发生二次熔离的主要因素。不同岩相的年龄数据表明大草滩和白鑫滩岩体形成于多期次岩浆作用,有助于形成具有经济价值的铜镍矿体。对比可得新疆东天山铜镍成矿带西段的镁铁—超镁铁质岩体的年龄和硫化物饱和过程与东段和中段的成矿岩体相似,故成矿带西段有寻找大中型铜镍硫化物矿床的潜力。

    Abstract:

    East Tianshan CuNi metallogenic belt, containing >1 million metric tons (Mt), is an important orecluster area in China. Different from previous studies, which mainly focused on the eastern and central parts of this belt, this paper chose the typical intrusions in the western part to carry out an integrated geochronological, mineralogical and geochemical study. The major lithofacies of the western part represented by Baixintan and Dacaotan intrusions are diorite, gabbro, olivine gabbro and peridotite which host disseminated sulfide ore deposits. The zircon UPb age is 286.4±1.6 Ma for Baixintan olivine gabbro rock samples, which is ~7 Ma older than the pyroxene peridotite rock samples. Major elements of the samples from Dacaotan and Baixintan intrusions are plotted in the chemical composition area of main rockforming minerals, indicating that the oxide compositions of rock samples are controlled by these cumulus minerals. Chondritenormalized REE patterns and primitive mantlenormalized trace element patterns of the Dacaotan and Baixintan intrusions are similar to that of typical NiCubearing intrusions in the East Tianshan area, with depletion in Nb and Ta, high εNd(t) values from +6.01 to +8.9 and zircon εHf(t) values from +11.62 to +16. All these characteristics indicate that the magma sources of the Dacaotan and Baixintan intrusions were the product of partial melting of metasomatized mantle, which was reformed by subduction event resulting from uprising of asthenosphere. Relation of Fo value and Ni contents of olivine in ultramafic rocks from the Dacaotan and Baixintan intrusions suggests that sulfide liquation occurred during the process of olivine crystallization. Numerical modeling calculation indicates that the parental magma of the Dacaotan and Baixintan intrusions reached sulfide saturation after mixing at depth with 5% ~ 15% juvenile arc crust during uprising process, causing the depletion of PGE in silicate magma. Fractional crystallization and addition of external sulfide should be the leading factor for triggering the second liquation of magma in the crust. The age data of the different lithofacies samples indicate that the Dacaotan and Baixintan intrusions formed from multistage magmatism, which contributes to the formation of CuNi sulfide orebodies with high economic value. Comparison study shows that maficultramafic intrusions in the western part of East Tianshan CuNi metallogenic belt have similar age and sulfide saturation process as oreforming intrusions in the eastern and middle parts of East Tianshan. Therefore, the western part of East Tianshan CuNi metallogenic belt has great potential for mediumor largesized CuNi sulfide deposits.

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冯延清,钱壮志,段俊,孙涛,徐刚,姜超,任萌,陈宏骏.2017.新疆东天山铜镍成矿带西段镁铁—超镁铁质岩体成因及成矿潜力研究[J].地质学报,91(4):792-811.
FENG Yanqing, QIAN Zhuangzhi, DUAN Jun, SUN Tao, XU Gang, JIANG Chao, REN Meng, CHEN Hongjun.2017. Genesis and Oreforming Potential of MaficUltramafic Intrusions in the Western Part of East Tianshan CuNi Metallogenic Belt, Xinjiang[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica,91(4):792-811.

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  • 在线发布日期: 2017-04-25
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