The basic agricultural farmland which distributed in economic zone along Yangtze river in Anhui is the principle grain producing area. The grain security is closely related to the geochemical characteristics in this area. Selecting the marketable grain producing farmland in Nanling-Jing county as the study area, basing on the field survey and large amount data of top soil, using geo-statistic methods and GIS technology, this paper analyzes the contents, spatial distribution and variation, impact factors of basic elements in farmland soil. The results show that some heavy metal elements displayed regional abnormal distribution (Fe and Mn) and localized anomaly (Hg). Correlation analysis indicates that the elements Ca, Mg and Na significantly correlated each other and have high concentration in topsoil which shows the controlling of parent materials. Generally, the spatial distribution character of heavy metal elements and salinity presents that southern area has higher contents than northern area in Nanling-Jing county farmland. This phenomenon is related to hydrogeological condition, groundwater depth and groundwater salinity. Thus farmland located in southern area may in bad condition for high quality grain products.