The riverine rock chemical weathering is an important process in global carbon cycle. Previous researches on catchment carbon sink estimation was based on the H2CO3 weathering performance. However, H2SO4 could also react with rocks and participat in the carbon geochemical cycle according to the recent research findings, and therefore it influences the global carbon cycle process. In the last 50 years, the Yangtze river water presented an acidified phenomenon. The concentration of Ca2+ and SO42- has increased in most of the stream water and its tributaries. The corresponding rock weathering process and atmospheric CO2 consumption rate have also changed. At 2013, the major ions composition of the Yangtze river and its main tributaries in different seasons were monitored. To estimate the rock chemical weathering rate and CO2 consumption flux, the chemical budget method and Galy model were employed in this article. The rock weathering and carbon cycle process were analyzed under the condition of H2SO4’s participation. Results indicate that the performance of silicate rock weathering and carbonate rock weathering are the two key sources for riverine ions in the Yangtze river. Compared with silicate rock weathering, cabonate rock weathering plays a more important role for Yangtze river ions. The average percentage of water ions from cabonate rock weathering is 92%. Even in the catchment that silicate rock wide spreading, the carbonate rock weathering contribution is also high (e.g. the average value is 85% in Ganjiang). The data analysis shows that H2SO4, as well as H2CO3, is also involved in the rock chemical denudation process of the Yangtze river catchment. Due to the H2SO4’s participation, the chemical weathering rate of carbonate rocks are accelerated and atmospheric CO2 consumption flux are decelerated. The calculation resluts are 30% for weathering rate rising and 31% for CO2 consumption declining. Wujiang is one of the most serious affected rivers of the 6 tributaries while the Yalongjiang river is the lowest one. The coal-bearing strata, sulphide deposits, and the atmospheric acid deposition in wujiang catchment are the reasons for its larger impact by H2SO4 than other tributaries.