This paper studied the environment geochemistry of heavy metals in the alluvial soils of Yangtze River (Wuhan segment). The concentrations of heavy metals in alluvial soil of Yangtze River and corresponding vegetable samples collected from WuHan City were determined by AAS after microwave digested. It is showed that the soil was contaminated by Cadmium (Cd) with Cd contents significantly higher than the allowable value. Lead (Pb), copper (Cu) and nickel (Ni) contents in soil samples were not higher than the allowable values. Chromium(Cr) concentrations in soil samples were close its’ background values. The heavy metals pollution is probably caused partly by the production of Wuhan steel and iron company as the closer the sampling sites is to it the higher of heavy metal contents were. The concentrations of heavy metals in topsoil are greater than deeper soils. It is also showed that Cd and Pb contents in vegetables are greater than the allowable values. However, Cu, Ni and Cr contents are acceptable.