The Songhu iron deposit is a typical iron deposit in the Awulale iron metallogenic belt in West Tianshan, Xinjiang，This iron ore resources of 55.06 million tons, ore body grade of 22%~54%, the average grade of 42%. Study of deposit geology and mineral geochemistry has been carried out in the deposit, with the focuses on alteration and mineralization characteristics, ore types, mineralization periods and mineralization processes. Based on veins penetrating relation, mineral assemblage and texture and structure, wall rock alteration zoning features of the Songhu iron deposit have been classified in detail into three mineralization periods and six mineralization stages. Pulp ore period mineralization temperature ranges from 500 to 650 ℃, and volcanic hydrothermal period is up to 400 ℃，The average temperature of the formation of altered mineral chlorite is 312 ℃. REE characteristics of the two types of magnetite have their specificity, with ore pulp magnetite ΣREE value obviously higher than volcanic hydrothermal magnetite, suggesting a high fractionation degree of hydrothermal rare earth elements in the evolution process of hydrothermal fluids. Coupling ore deposit geology and mineral geochemical characteristics, the Songhu iron deposit can be preliminarily ascertained as an ore pulpvolcanic hydrothermal superpositiontype iron deposit.