内蒙古八大关斑岩型CuMo矿床成矿流体特征及成矿机制研究
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本论文为地质调查项目国家基础科研项目(编号:2013CB429803),大兴安岭关键构造岩浆成矿事件研究和(编号:1212011120992,12120115069901)联合资助成果。


The Characteristics of Oreforming Fluids and Mineralization Mechanism in the Badaguan Porphyry CuMo Deposit, Inner Mongolia, NE China
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    摘要:

    八大关斑岩型Cu-Mo矿床是我国内蒙大兴安岭成矿带北段典型的斑岩型Cu-Mo矿床之一,矿体主要产出在成矿斑岩体与围岩的内外接触带。通过详细的岩相学和矿相学观察,矿床可以划分出5个成矿阶段,即钾长石阶段→辉钼矿-石英阶段→磁铁矿-黄铁矿(黄铜矿)石英阶段→铜(铅锌)石英阶段→石英-绿泥石±碳酸盐阶段。矿床内石英中的流体包裹体类型有富气相包裹体、富液相包裹体、含子矿物多相包裹体和含CO2的三相包裹体,但石英-绿泥石阶段石英中明显缺乏后两类包裹体。显微测温和激光拉曼结果显示,石英斑晶中早期成矿流体的均一温度为460℃~572℃,盐度高达59.76%,子矿物有石盐和代表氧化环境的硬石膏,气相成分富含CO2,液相成分以H2O为主,富含CO32-。辉钼矿-石英阶段流体包裹体的均一温度为320℃~440℃,盐度介于0.83~63.13%NaCleqv,子矿物有石盐、赤铁矿和未知硫化物,可见富气相、富液相和含CO2或子矿物的多相包裹体共存,且其具有相近的均一温度,但盐度相差悬殊,指示成矿流体曾发生过沸腾作用;而铜(铅锌)-石英阶段的均一温度为260℃~340℃,盐度介于0.42~37.40%NaCleqv,子矿物有石盐和硬石膏,气液相成分以H2O为主,富含CO32-。与辉钼矿-石英阶段相比,该阶段成矿流体的温度变化尤为显著。石英-绿泥石阶段中流体包裹体的均一温度为237℃~306℃,盐度则低于10.86%NaCleqv,无子晶,贫CO2。综合O-H同位素,初始成矿流体属于中高温、高盐度、高氧逸度和富CO2的岩浆热液;随着成矿过程的进行,大气降水的混合比例越来越高,成矿流体逐渐演化为岩浆热液和大气水的混合热液;晚阶段成矿流体主要以大气降水为主。通过系统的流体包裹体研究,我们认为矿床的成矿物质由相同流体带入成矿热液系统,但其沉淀机制却发生了解耦,即辉钼矿的沉淀主要与减压沸腾作用有关,而铜(铅锌)硫化物的沉淀主要与温度降低有关。

    Abstract:

    The Badaguan porphyry Cu-Mo deposit is one of the typical porphyry Cu-Mo deposits of the Greater Hinggan Range, China, eastern segment of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt. The orebodies are mainly hosted within granodiorite porphyry, and the contact zone between the granodiorite porphyry and country rocks. Detailed petrographic and ore microscopy observation suggest that Badaguan deposit can be divided into five ore-forming stages: potassium feldspar stage, molybdenum-quartz stage, magnetite-pyrite (±chalcopyrite)-quartz stage, and copper (lead and zinc)-quartz stage, chlorite (±carbonate)-quartz stage. The study of fluid inclusion shows that there are various types of fluid inclusion in Badaguan Copper-molybdenum Deposit, which mainly include vapor-rich phase inclusion, liquid-rich phase inclusions, CO2-bearing three-phase inclusions, and multiphase inclusions including daughter mineral. The study of microthermometeric and Laser Raman Spectroscope show the homogeneous temperatures of early fluid inclusion in Quartz phenocryst ranges between 460℃ and 572℃, with the highest salinities up to 63.13%NaCleqv. Daughter minerals include halite and anhydrite which possibly represent an oxidizing environment. Vapor bubbles are mainly composed of H2O, few CO2. The liquids are dominated by H2O and generally contain CO32-. The homogeneous temperatures of fluid inclusion in molybdenum-quartz stage cluster into 320℃~440℃,with salinities ranging from 0.83~63.13%NaCleqv. Daughter minerals include halite, hematite and unknown sulfide. Multiphase inclusions including daughter mineral or CO2 coexist with the vaper- and liquid-rich fluid inclusion, which are homogenized at similar temperatures. These phenomena strongly suggest that fluid-boiling occurred in this stage. The homogeneous temperatures of fluid inclusion in copper (lead and zinc)-quartz stage cluster into 260℃~340℃,with salinities ranging from 0.42~37.40%NaCleqv. Daughter minerals include halite and anhydrite. Vapor bubbles and liquids are mainly composed of H2O, CO2. Contrasting with the molybdenum-quartz stage, the changes of temperature among all factors is most significant in the copper (lead and zinc)-quartz stage. The homogeneous temperature of chlorite (±carbonate)-quartz stage fluid inclusion ranges between 237℃~306℃, with corresponding salinities no more than 12.4%NaCleqv. Considering the H-O isotope, the early stage fluids are magmatic in origin and characterized by high temperature, high salinities, high oxygen-fugacity and CO2-rich. Following with ore-forming processes and the participation of meteoric water, ore-forming fluid gradually evolved into the mixture of magmatic and meteoric water. The late stage fluids, characteristic of low temperature, low salinity, lack of daughter mineral and CO2, mainly sourced from meteoric water. Besides, we conclude the copper and molybdenum are carried by the same fluids while their precipitation mechanism has decoupling. Precipitation of molybdenum was mainly related to boiling that induced by reduced pressure, but precipitation of chalcopyrite closely was related to the fall of temperature.

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康永建,向安平,佘宏全,孙宇亮,杨文生.2016.内蒙古八大关斑岩型CuMo矿床成矿流体特征及成矿机制研究[J].地质学报,90(8):1778-1797.
kangyongjian, xianganping, shehongquan, sunyuliang, yangwensheng.2016. The Characteristics of Oreforming Fluids and Mineralization Mechanism in the Badaguan Porphyry CuMo Deposit, Inner Mongolia, NE China[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica,90(8):1778-1797.

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  • 收稿日期:2016-03-17
  • 最后修改日期:2016-04-22
  • 录用日期:2016-04-25
  • 在线发布日期: 2016-08-23
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