青藏高原鲜水河活动断裂带蠕变斜坡地质灾害InSAR识别研究
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中国地质科学院地质力学研究所

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中国地质调查局工作项目(编号:12120114001401)


InSAR-based Recognition of Slow-moving Slop Disasters Along the Xianshuihe Active Fault in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau
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Institute of Geomechanics,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences

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    摘要:

    断裂带附近往往是蠕变斜坡地质灾害的多发区,微小变形是指示蠕变斜坡地质灾害的一项重要标志。本文以青藏高原鲜水河活动断裂带为研究区,选用多期ALOS/PALSAR合成孔径雷达数据进行时序干涉(InSAR)观测,获得了毫米级的地表变形量,结合现场调查、遥感解译和地质条件综合分析,揭示了该区域蠕变斜坡地质灾害的类别、变形特征和空间发育规律:①断裂沿线主要发育了蠕变滑坡、蠕变泥石流物源和冰碛物流动3种类型蠕变斜坡地质灾害;②蠕滑滑坡具有“错乱的等高线状台阶”,凸凹不平的主滑方向地形剖面,舌状地貌,无基岩裸露滑床等特征;③鲜水河断裂北段古滑坡、历史地震滑坡和震裂斜坡发育,与断裂带直接相交的,大部分存在蠕滑变形,未相交的往往无蠕滑变形,体现了活动断裂对地质灾害发育的控制作用;④发育“土石林型”和“坡面松散堆积物型”两种泥石流,识别特征是物源区有分散的缓慢变形体,流域范围内变形体的数量和速率是重要标志;⑤鲜水河断裂带附近4200 m高程以上区域广泛存在现代冰碛物沿冰川槽谷滑动变形,其分布范围广、单体规模大、运动速率高,是现今研究区最主要的地表剥蚀形式之一。研究结果也表明,InSAR技术结合地质条件能有效地识别蠕变斜坡地质灾害,适于山区地质灾害众多、调查不便的工作环境,是地质灾害调查技术未来重要发展方向。

    Abstract:

    The active fault zones and their nearby areas are liable to encounter the serious Slow-Moving Slop Disasters (SMSD), and small surface deformation is one of the important signs to recognize the SMSD. With the active Xianshuihe Fault (XSF) zone in the eastern Tibet Plateau as an objective, this study obtained the millimetric deformation through collecting multiperiod ALOS/PALSAR data for time series InSAR process, along with field investigation, remote sensing interpretation and geological setting analysis. The results reveal types, deformation features and spatial distribution of the SMSDs. ① Along the active fault are developed three kinds of slope geohazards: creep landslides, debris flows and slowmoving moraines. ② Creep landsides have the geomorphic characteristics of garbled contour steps, which present rough, uneven longitudinal profiles, toughshaped landscape, and no exposed batholiths, etc. ③ Paleolandslides, coseismic landslides and shattering slopes are well developed within the Xianshuihe fault. Those geohazards directly intersected with the Xianshuihe fault show slowmoving deformation while those geohazards without crossing the the Xianshuihe fault show no slowmoving deformation, reflecting that active faulting has controlling role in geohazard development. ④ Two types of debris flows, “Soilstone Forest” and “Loose Debris Slope”, were found to occur in this area. The slow, disperse deformation in source areas and the amount and velocity of deformation are the important identification features. ⑤ In the areas (above 4200 m a.s.l.) nearby the Xianshuihe fault are widely distributed slope deformation of modern moraines along glacial troughs, which is characterized by huge single body and fast moving velocity and should be the main manifestation of denudation in the study area. The study results also show that combination of InSAR technology with geological settings can effectively identify SMSDs, and is suitable for geohazard investigation in the environment of mountainous areas with great amount of disasters. Therefore, it will be an important direction in geohazard investigation technology.

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姚鑫,张永双,李凌婧,凌盛,王宗盛,周振凯.2017.青藏高原鲜水河活动断裂带蠕变斜坡地质灾害InSAR识别研究[J].地质学报,91(8):1694-1705.
YAO Xin, ZHANG Yongshuang, LI Lingjing, LING Sheng, WANG Zhongsheng, ZHOU Zhenkai.2017. InSAR-based Recognition of Slow-moving Slop Disasters Along the Xianshuihe Active Fault in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica,91(8):1694-1705.

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  • 收稿日期:2016-01-15
  • 最后修改日期:2016-03-29
  • 录用日期:2017-08-16
  • 在线发布日期: 2017-08-18
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