The Shandong is rich coal resources, with the cumulative known coal reserves go to 3123 billion tons and the coal resours to mainly 2741 billion tons. The coal type is bituminous with minor of the lignite, anthracite coal and natural coke. The main coal accumulating periods in Shandong are Carboniferous Permian, Fangzi period of middle Jurassic and the Wutu period of Paleogene with the Carboniferous Permian being the most important coal accumulating period. The coal seams of Taiyuan Formation formed in the lagoon and tidal delta distal part and local areas can reach minable thickness. The fluvial dominated shallow water delta of Shanxi Formation developed rapidly in large scale, forming the main mineable coal seams of large thickness and wide distribution area. The coal accumulating effect of Fangzi Formation and Lijiaya Formation occurred in the early period of basin water expansion contraction, coal accumulating extended from the fan delta plain and front to the basin edge. Coal occurrence has suffered varying degrees of erosion a series of tectonic movement after coal accumulating stages. We can conclude from the research that the coal occurrence regularity of Shandong is characterized by “tilted type structure, faulting in the north and overlapping in the south”, and the tectonic style by “the concave block alternate with convex block”. The coal seams with economic significance occur in “the edge and concave of block, horst of the latent sag, the graben of bump”, pointing out that the coal exploration direction of Shandong is “the base in concave, and the graben in convex”. The Shandong uplift zone is a rifted basin with lgcal at edge of graben basin. According to our research results, we found the Shanxian coalfield and Caoxian coalfield. On this basis, we have forecast the coal target areas in Shandong, and optimized six coal surveying target areas in Heze, Liaocheng, Jinan, Jining, Dezhou and parts of central area in Shangdon.