内蒙古维拉斯托-拜仁达坝斑岩-热液脉状成矿体系研究
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Genesis of the Weilasituo – Bairendaba porphyry- hydrothermal vein type system in Inner Mongolia, China
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    摘要:

    维拉斯托锡-钨-铷矿床是内蒙古克什克腾北部区新发现的一处大型斑岩型锡-钨-铷多金属矿床。矿床主要产出于锡林浩特杂岩和石炭纪石英闪长岩中,与石英斑岩体的侵位具有成因联系。该斑岩型矿床与之前发现的维拉斯托和拜仁达坝脉状矿床组成了一个由高温向中低温逐渐演化、过渡的斑岩-热液脉状锡-钨-铷-铜-锌-铅-银成矿体系。该成矿体系中成矿作用主要由四个阶段组成,即:(1)早期钠-钙-锶蚀变阶段锡-钨-铷矿化,(2)中期云英岩化阶段锡-钨矿化,(3)后期硅化、绢英岩化阶段铜-锌-铅-银矿化,以及(4)晚期无矿化阶段。钠-钙-锶蚀变阶段蚀变矿物主要为钠长石和天河石,伴随浸染状锡石、铁闪锌矿和黑钨矿化,含少量的毒砂和砷铋矿;云英岩化蚀变矿物主要为石英和棕色白云母,含少量的萤石,以锡石、黝铜矿和黑钨矿化为主,含少量的毒砂、黄铁矿、黄铜矿、铁闪锌矿、辉钼矿等;硅化-绢云母化蚀变矿物主要由石英、绿色绢云母、萤石组成,晚期蚀变叠加了明显的高岭土化、伊利石化和绿泥石化,该阶段形成大量的块状硫化物,以黄铁矿、毒砂、磁黄铁矿、铁闪锌矿、黄铜矿、方铅矿和含银黝铜矿为主。成矿体系内金属矿物组合和蚀变矿物组合显示成矿热液具有低氧逸度、低硫逸度和偏酸性的特征。成矿体系具有明显的蚀变分带和元素分带。蚀变分带主要体现为深部石英斑岩体中的钠-钙-锶蚀变带,近岩体的云英岩化蚀变带,以及远离岩体的硅化、绢云母化蚀变带。元素分带主要体现为近源(岩体)为锡-钨-铷矿化,铜、锌、铅和银矿化则依次向外产出。从元素分带的特征显示成矿物质从持续向外流动的热液中顺序卸载可能是这种分带性形成的根本原因,这种分带特征也是成矿热液运移方向的直接指示。该成矿体系内强烈富集大离子亲石元素,显示岩浆阶段的分异是成矿物质积聚的原因。元素的分带特征显示,热液阶段的分异则是成矿物质卸载的原因。维拉斯托斑岩型锡-钨-铷多金属矿床的发现为该地区大量脉状铅-锌-银矿床指出了新的找矿方向。

    Abstract:

    The Weilasituo porphyry Sn-W-Rb deposit is newly discovered in Hexigten Banner, Inner Mongolia. It is located at the west of Weilasituo and Bairendaba vein type deposits and genetically related with the quartz porphyry stock that intruded in the Xilinhot Complex and the Carboniferous quartz diorite. The newly discovered porphyry Sn-W-Rb mineralization and its upper vein type Cu-Zn-Pb-Ag mineralization in the Weilasituo and Bairendaba deposits constitute a porphyry-hydrohermal vein type ore system. Four stages of mineralization are recognized based on the mineral assemblages, including: (1) Na-Ca-Sr alteration stage, (2) greisen stage, (3) silica-sericite stage and (4) late barren stage. The Na-Ca-Sr alteration stage is characterized by an alteration mineral assemblage of albite and amazonite, with the Sn-W mineralization occurring as disseminated cassiterite and wolframite in the quartz porphyry, with minor arsenopyrite, Fe-bearing sphalerite and arsenobismite. The greisen stage is characterized by an alteration assemblage of quartz and brown muscovite that overprinted on the Na-Ca-Sr alteration and hosted in fractures as greisen veins, the Sn-W mineralization is mainly occurred as cassiterite and wolframite-bearing greisen vein in fractures, with minor arsenopyrite, pyrite, Fe-bearing sphalerite, chalcopyrite and molybdenite. The silica- sericite stage is characterized by large amount of silica and green sericite, the mineralization in this stage is hosted in fracture as veins and characterized by massive base metal sulfides, including arsenopyrite, pyrite, pyrrhotite, Fe-bearing sphalerite, chalcopyrite, galena, Ag-bearing tetrahedrite. The late barren stage is overprinted on the early stages with illite, kaolinite, chlorite et al. The mineral assemblage indicates the ore-forming fluid is acid, and is of low oxygen and sulfur fugacity. The porphyry- vein type ore system has significant alteration and metal zonation features. The alteration has a Na-Ca-Sr alteration zone in the depth, greisen zone proximal to the quartz porphyry stock, and silica-sericite zone distal to the quartz porphyry stock. The metal zonation feature is characterized by a Sn-W-Rb mineralization core in the porphyry stock, and the copper, zinc, lead and silver mineralization occur outward sequentially from the porphyry stock. Metal fractionation and sequential minerals precipitation from the ore-forming fluid is the main reason for the formation of metal zonation feature. The metal zonation feature is also the indicator of ore fluid movement The ore system is rich in LILE, which indicates magmatic fractionation is the reason for enrichment of metals. The discovery of the porphyry Sn-W-Rb mineralization indicates there is huge exploration potential for Sn-W mineralization in the south Great Xing’an Range.

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刘翼飞,樊志勇,蒋胡灿,聂凤军,江思宏,丁成武,王丰翔.2014.内蒙古维拉斯托-拜仁达坝斑岩-热液脉状成矿体系研究[J].地质学报,88(12):2373-2385.
Liu Yifei, Fan Zhiyong, Jiang Hucan, Nie Fengjun, Jiang Sihong, Ding Chengwu, Wang Fengxiang.2014. Genesis of the Weilasituo – Bairendaba porphyry- hydrothermal vein type system in Inner Mongolia, China[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica,88(12):2373-2385.

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  • 收稿日期:2014-10-29
  • 最后修改日期:2014-11-15
  • 录用日期:2014-11-15
  • 在线发布日期: 2014-12-09
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